Rutgers Bio 115 Exam 2 and Final Test
Questions and All Correct Answers
2025/2026 Updated.
Functions of cell division - Answer reproduction
growth and development
tissue renewal
Genome
Prokaryotic vs. Prokaryotic - Answer all DNA in a cell
Prokaryotic- single DNA molecule
Eukaryotic- several DNA molecules
DNA molecules in cell are packages into chromosomes
Chromatin - Answer Eukaryotic chromosomes consist of chromatin, a complex DNA and
protein that condenses during cell division
Ploidy - Answer # of chromosomes in a cell
Haploid cell (n) - Answer one copy of each chromosome (Gametes=sex cells)
Diploid cell (2n) - Answer two copies of each chromosome (one inherited from mom one
inherited from dad)
Somatic cell - Answer body cell (2n)
Interphase - Answer cell growth and DNA replication
90% of cell cycle
divided into 3 sub phases
GROWS DURING ALL 3 PHASES
G1 phase - Answer first gap, growing phase
S phase - Answer DNA is replicated, chromosomes double
,G2 Phase - Answer second gap, grows again
Mitotic (M) Phase - Answer mitosis and cytokinesis
G1-gap 1
-ploidy
-function - Answer Ploidy=2n (animal cell, somatic cell)
No DNA synthesis
cell functions and communicates
protein manufactures
most of cell life is in G1
S-synthesis
-ploidy
-function - Answer chromosomes duplicate
ploidy=2n to 2n
DNA and chromosomes are synthesized
sister chromatids are identical
G2-gap 2
-ploidy
-function - Answer ploidy=2n
centrosome duplicate- made up of centrioles
5 phases of Eukaryotic cell division - Answer 1. prophase
2. pro-metaphase
3. metaphase
4. anaphase
5. telophase
Prophase - Answer -chromosomes condense, become visible
-Mitotic spindle begins to form (microtubules)
-Centrosomes move away from each other to opposite poles
-Organizes DNA
, PRO-metaphase - Answer -nuclear envelope begin to break down
-nucleolus disappears
-mitotic spindle elongates
-chromosomes become more condensed
-some microtubules connect to kinetochordes handles
-drive movement this connection ends pro-metaphase and metaphase begins
Metaphase - Answer -LONGEST STAGE
-centrosomes are at complete opposite ends of cell
-chromosomes align on the metaphase plate( the midway point btwn the spindles two poles)
-each chromosome is now attached to the kinetochore microtubules
Anaphase - Answer -SHORTEST STAGE
-cohesion proteins are cleaved (allowing chromatids to separate
-chromosomes begin to move to opposite sides
-at the end of this phase there are two complete sets of chromosomes 2n on each side of cell
-still diploid 2n (animals always diploid)
Telophase/Cytokinesis - Answer -the tow new daughter cells form
-the nuclear envelope reforms
-nucleoli appears
-cytokinesis has already begun and will divide cells with cleavage furrow
-CYTOKINESIS NOT APART OF MITOSIS
-cytoplasm divides
-each daughter cell gets one centriole
process varies between plant and animal cell
-retrieves to interphase
Process of binary fission (4 steps) - Answer 1. chromosome replication begins
2. one copy of the origin is now at each end
3. replication finishes
4. two daughter cells
2n=2n - Answer MITOSIS
Questions and All Correct Answers
2025/2026 Updated.
Functions of cell division - Answer reproduction
growth and development
tissue renewal
Genome
Prokaryotic vs. Prokaryotic - Answer all DNA in a cell
Prokaryotic- single DNA molecule
Eukaryotic- several DNA molecules
DNA molecules in cell are packages into chromosomes
Chromatin - Answer Eukaryotic chromosomes consist of chromatin, a complex DNA and
protein that condenses during cell division
Ploidy - Answer # of chromosomes in a cell
Haploid cell (n) - Answer one copy of each chromosome (Gametes=sex cells)
Diploid cell (2n) - Answer two copies of each chromosome (one inherited from mom one
inherited from dad)
Somatic cell - Answer body cell (2n)
Interphase - Answer cell growth and DNA replication
90% of cell cycle
divided into 3 sub phases
GROWS DURING ALL 3 PHASES
G1 phase - Answer first gap, growing phase
S phase - Answer DNA is replicated, chromosomes double
,G2 Phase - Answer second gap, grows again
Mitotic (M) Phase - Answer mitosis and cytokinesis
G1-gap 1
-ploidy
-function - Answer Ploidy=2n (animal cell, somatic cell)
No DNA synthesis
cell functions and communicates
protein manufactures
most of cell life is in G1
S-synthesis
-ploidy
-function - Answer chromosomes duplicate
ploidy=2n to 2n
DNA and chromosomes are synthesized
sister chromatids are identical
G2-gap 2
-ploidy
-function - Answer ploidy=2n
centrosome duplicate- made up of centrioles
5 phases of Eukaryotic cell division - Answer 1. prophase
2. pro-metaphase
3. metaphase
4. anaphase
5. telophase
Prophase - Answer -chromosomes condense, become visible
-Mitotic spindle begins to form (microtubules)
-Centrosomes move away from each other to opposite poles
-Organizes DNA
, PRO-metaphase - Answer -nuclear envelope begin to break down
-nucleolus disappears
-mitotic spindle elongates
-chromosomes become more condensed
-some microtubules connect to kinetochordes handles
-drive movement this connection ends pro-metaphase and metaphase begins
Metaphase - Answer -LONGEST STAGE
-centrosomes are at complete opposite ends of cell
-chromosomes align on the metaphase plate( the midway point btwn the spindles two poles)
-each chromosome is now attached to the kinetochore microtubules
Anaphase - Answer -SHORTEST STAGE
-cohesion proteins are cleaved (allowing chromatids to separate
-chromosomes begin to move to opposite sides
-at the end of this phase there are two complete sets of chromosomes 2n on each side of cell
-still diploid 2n (animals always diploid)
Telophase/Cytokinesis - Answer -the tow new daughter cells form
-the nuclear envelope reforms
-nucleoli appears
-cytokinesis has already begun and will divide cells with cleavage furrow
-CYTOKINESIS NOT APART OF MITOSIS
-cytoplasm divides
-each daughter cell gets one centriole
process varies between plant and animal cell
-retrieves to interphase
Process of binary fission (4 steps) - Answer 1. chromosome replication begins
2. one copy of the origin is now at each end
3. replication finishes
4. two daughter cells
2n=2n - Answer MITOSIS
