HLTH 335 Exam 1 Questions With
Complete Answers
Homeostasis - ANSWER when all cells, tissues, organs, and systems work
together to successfully maintain equilibrium
Disease - ANSWER any state of disequilibrium; a change in function or structure
that is considered to be abnormal
Pathology - ANSWER study of disease in general
Pathophysiology - ANSWER study of the physiological processes leading up to
disease
Pathologist - ANSWER a physician who studies & interprets the changes caused
by disease
Signs - ANSWER OBJECTIVE evidence of disease observed in physical exam
(ex. abnormal pulse, fever, sweating, pallor)
Symptoms - ANSWER SUBJECTIVE indications of disease reported by the
patient (ex. pain, dizziness, itching)
Syndrome - ANSWER When certain sets of signs and symptoms occur
concurrently and suggest the presence of disease
Disorder - ANSWER A functional abnormality not necessarily linked to a specific
cause or physical abnormality
Diagnosis - ANSWER process of identifying a disease, syndrome or disorder
Principles of Diagnosis - ANSWER 1. Clinical History
2. Physical Exam
3. Differential Diagnosis
5 Parts of the Clinical History - ANSWER 1. History of Current Illness (severity,
time of onset, symptoms)
2. Patient's Medical History (details of general health and previous illnesses)
3. Family History (health of patient's family members; diseases that run in the
family)
, 4. Social History (patient's occupation, lifestyle behaviors, general health,
current problems)
5. Review of Symptoms and Signs (eliciting additional information about
symptoms; ex. not sleeping well at night)
Physical Examination - ANSWER *Systematic examination of the patient, with
emphasis on parts of the body effected by the illness
* abnormalities are noted correlated with clinical history
Differential Diagnosis - ANSWER Consideration of various diseases or
conditions that may also explain patient's symptoms and signs
-diagnostic tests narrow possibilities
-opinion of medical specialists sought
Etiology - ANSWER Cause
Pathogenesis - ANSWER Source or cause of disease, together with its
development
Idiopathic - ANSWER term used to describe diseases of unknown etiology
Lesion - ANSWER usually at the root of most causes of disease; could be a
damaged gene, or abnormal cells, tissues, or organs
Major causes of disease - ANSWER -inflammatory, autoimmune, and allergic
disorders
-infection (bacterial, viral, parasitic)
-neoplastic ( cancer)
-heredity (passed through genes)
- Congenital (born with it but not hereditary)
-nutritional ( can be malnutrition or obesity)
-Traumatic (due to environmental factors)
- Degenerative (aging process)
-STRESS
Risk Factor - ANSWER anything that predisposes an individual to the
development of a disease (NOT EQUIVALENT TO CAUSE!)
Types of risk factors - ANSWER -environmental
-chemical
-physiological
-psychological
-genetic
Prognosis - ANSWER the predicted course and outcome of the disease
-states the chances of complete recovery
Complete Answers
Homeostasis - ANSWER when all cells, tissues, organs, and systems work
together to successfully maintain equilibrium
Disease - ANSWER any state of disequilibrium; a change in function or structure
that is considered to be abnormal
Pathology - ANSWER study of disease in general
Pathophysiology - ANSWER study of the physiological processes leading up to
disease
Pathologist - ANSWER a physician who studies & interprets the changes caused
by disease
Signs - ANSWER OBJECTIVE evidence of disease observed in physical exam
(ex. abnormal pulse, fever, sweating, pallor)
Symptoms - ANSWER SUBJECTIVE indications of disease reported by the
patient (ex. pain, dizziness, itching)
Syndrome - ANSWER When certain sets of signs and symptoms occur
concurrently and suggest the presence of disease
Disorder - ANSWER A functional abnormality not necessarily linked to a specific
cause or physical abnormality
Diagnosis - ANSWER process of identifying a disease, syndrome or disorder
Principles of Diagnosis - ANSWER 1. Clinical History
2. Physical Exam
3. Differential Diagnosis
5 Parts of the Clinical History - ANSWER 1. History of Current Illness (severity,
time of onset, symptoms)
2. Patient's Medical History (details of general health and previous illnesses)
3. Family History (health of patient's family members; diseases that run in the
family)
, 4. Social History (patient's occupation, lifestyle behaviors, general health,
current problems)
5. Review of Symptoms and Signs (eliciting additional information about
symptoms; ex. not sleeping well at night)
Physical Examination - ANSWER *Systematic examination of the patient, with
emphasis on parts of the body effected by the illness
* abnormalities are noted correlated with clinical history
Differential Diagnosis - ANSWER Consideration of various diseases or
conditions that may also explain patient's symptoms and signs
-diagnostic tests narrow possibilities
-opinion of medical specialists sought
Etiology - ANSWER Cause
Pathogenesis - ANSWER Source or cause of disease, together with its
development
Idiopathic - ANSWER term used to describe diseases of unknown etiology
Lesion - ANSWER usually at the root of most causes of disease; could be a
damaged gene, or abnormal cells, tissues, or organs
Major causes of disease - ANSWER -inflammatory, autoimmune, and allergic
disorders
-infection (bacterial, viral, parasitic)
-neoplastic ( cancer)
-heredity (passed through genes)
- Congenital (born with it but not hereditary)
-nutritional ( can be malnutrition or obesity)
-Traumatic (due to environmental factors)
- Degenerative (aging process)
-STRESS
Risk Factor - ANSWER anything that predisposes an individual to the
development of a disease (NOT EQUIVALENT TO CAUSE!)
Types of risk factors - ANSWER -environmental
-chemical
-physiological
-psychological
-genetic
Prognosis - ANSWER the predicted course and outcome of the disease
-states the chances of complete recovery
