ACCOUNTING WHAT THE NUMBERS MEAN
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13TH EDITION BY DAVID MARSHALL
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ALL CHAPTERS 1 - 16
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,CHAPTER
ACCOUNTING—PRESENT AND
1
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PAST
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CHAPTER ііOUTLINE:
I.WHAT ііIS ііACCOUNTING?
A.DEFINITION
B.USES ііOF ііACCOUNTING ііINFORMATION
C.CLASSIFICATIONS
1.FINANCIAL ііACCOUNTING
2.MANAGERIAL ііACCOUNTING іі/ ііCOST ііACCOUNTING
3.AUDITING іі— ііPUBLIC ііACCOUNTING
4.INTERNAL ііAUDITING
5.GOVERNMENTAL іAND ііNOT-FOR-PROFIT ііACCOUNTING
6.INCOME ііTAX ііACCOUNTING
II.HOW ііHAS ііACCOUNTING ііDEVELOPED?
A.EARLY ііHISTORY
B.THE ііACCOUNTING ііPROFESSION ііIN ііTHE ііUNITED ііSTATES
C.FINANCIAL ііACCOUNTING ііSTANDARD ііSETTING ііAT ііTHE ііPRESENT ііTIME
1.FINANCIAL ііACCOUNTING ііSTANDARDS ііBOARD
2.STANDARDS ііARE ііEVOLVING
D.STANDARDS ііFOR ііOTHER ііTYPES ііOF ііACCOUNTING
1.MANAGERIAL ііACCOUNTING іі/ ііCOST ііACCOUNTING
2.AUDITING
3.GOVERNMENTAL іAND ііNOT-FOR-PROFIT ііACCOUNTING
4.INCOME ііTAX ііACCOUNTING
E.INTERNATIONAL ііACCOUNTING ііSTANDARDS
F.ETHICS ііAND ііTHE ііACCOUNTING ііPROFESSION
III.THE ііCONCEPTUAL ііFRAMEWORK
A.CONTEXT
B.SUMMARY ііOF ііCONCEPTS ііSTATEMENT ііNO. іі8, ііCHAPTER іі1 іі— ііTHE ііOBJECTIVE
ііOF ііGENERAL ііPURPOSE іFINANCIAL ііREPORTING
C.OBJECTIVES ііOF ііFINANCIAL ііREPORTING ііFOR ііNONBUSINESS ііORGANIZATIONS
IV.PLAN ііOF ііTHE ііBOOK
,TEACHING/LEARNING ііOBJECTIVES:
PRINCIPAL:
1.TO ііPRESENT ііA ііDEFINITION ііOF ііACCOUNTING.
2.TO ііIDENTIFY ііAND ііDESCRIBE ііDIFFERENT ііCLASSIFICATIONS ііOF ііACCOUNTING.
3.TO ііEMPHASIZE ііTHAT ііFINANCIAL ііACCOUNTING ііSTANDARDS ііARE ііNOT ііA іі―FIXED
ііCODE ііOF ііRULES,‖ ііBUT ііARE ііESTABLISHED ііIN ііRESPONSE ііTO ііUSER ііNEEDS ііAND
ііBUSINESS ііDEVELOPMENTS. ііACCOUNTANTS ііNEED ііTO ііAPPLY іPROFESSIONAL
ііJUDGMENT ііIN ііTHE ііAPPLICATION ііOF ііACCOUNTING ііPRINCIPLES.
4.TO ііEMPHASIZE ііTHE ііROLE ііAND ііSOURCES ііOF ііETHICS ііFOR ііTHE ііACCOUNTING ііPROFESSION.
SUPPORTING:
5.TO ііSUMMARIZE ііHOW ііACCOUNTING ііHAS ііEVOLVED ііOVER ііTIME.
6.TO ііIDENTIFY ііSOURCES ііOF ііSTANDARDS ііFOR ііOTHER ііTYPES ііOF
ііACCOUNTING ііAND ііTO ііCONTRAST ііTHESE ііWITH іFINANCIAL ііACCOUNTING
ііSTANDARDS.
7.TO ііINTRODUCE ііTHE ііISSUES ііASSOCIATED ііWITH ііTHE ііDEVELOPMENT ііOF
ііINTERNATIONAL ііACCOUNTING іSTANDARDS.
8.TO ііDESCRIBE ііTHE ііCONTEXT ііOF ііTHE ііFASB ііCONCEPTUAL ііFRAMEWORK ііPROJECT.
9.TO ііSUMMARIZE ііCONCEPTS ііSTATEMENT ііNO. іі8, ііCHAPTER іі1 іі— ііTHE
ііOBJECTIVE ііOF ііGENERAL ііPURPOSE іFINANCIAL ііREPORTING.
10.TO ііRELATE ііTHE ііOBJECTIVES ііOF ііFINANCIAL ііREPORTING ііFOR ііNONBUSINESS
ііORGANIZATIONS ііTO ііTHOSE ііOF іBUSINESS ііENTERPRISES.
TEACHING ііOBSERVATIONS/ASSIGNMENT ііSUGGESTIONS:
1.STUDENTS ііSHOULD ііBE ііPUT ііON ііNOTICE ііABOUT ііTHE ііJARGON ііOF
іі ACCOUNTING, ііTHE ііUSE ііOF ііSYNONYMOUS ііTERMS, ііTHE ііIMPORTANCE ііOF ііTHE
іі CONTEXT ііWITHIN ііWHICH ііA ііTERM ііIS ііUSED, ііAND ііTHE ііNEED ііFOR ііPRECISION
і IN
, ііTHE ііUSE ііOF ііTERMINOLOGY. ііTHE ііFIRST ііEXAMPLE ііOF ііJARGON ііIS ііTHE ііTERM
ііENTITY.
2.WHEN ііDISCUSSING іі"AUDITING іі— ііPUBLIC ііACCOUNTING," ііHAVE ііSTUDENTS
ііFIND ііTHE ііAUDITORS' ііOPINION іIN ііTHE ііCAMPBELL ііSOUP ііCOMPANY іі2020
ііANNUAL ііREPORT іі(SEE ііPAGES іі87-88 ііOF ііTHE ііAPPENDIX). ііEMPHASIZE ііTHAT ііA
іі"CLEAN ііOPINION" ііIS ііNOT ііA іі"CLEAN ііBILL ііOF ііHEALTH."
3.DISCUSS ііTHE ііSUMMARY ііOF ііCONCEPTS ііSTATEMENT ііNO. іі8, ііCHAPTER іі1 іі— ііTHE
ііOBJECTIVE ііOF ііFINANCIAL іREPORTING, ііIN ііDETAIL.