HPA 310 EXAM 3 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What are two common names for the GI system - Answers -o Alimentary canal
o Digestive system
What are the four functions of the GI system? - Answers -o Ingestion: intake of food
o Digestion: physical and chemical breakdown of food
o Absorption: extraction of nutrients
o Elimination: excretion of nutrients
What is GERD - Answers -o Gastroesophageal reflux disease
o Chronic digestive disease
Signs and symptoms of GERD - Answers -•Pyrosis (heartburn) - a burning sensation in
your chest sometimes spreading to your throat, along with a sour taste in your mouth
•Chest pain
•Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia)
•Dry cough
•Hoarseness or sore throat
•Regurgitation of food or sour liquid
•Nausea
•Sensation of a lump in your throat
What are common diagnostic tools? - Answers -oTest to monitor amount of acid in
esophagus
oBarium swallow
oEndoscopy - exam of esophagus
What are some common treatments? - Answers -oAntacids - neutralize hydrochloric
acid
oHistamine-2 receptor antagonists - reduce hydrochloric acid production
oMedications that block acid production and heal the esophagus
oSurgery to reinforce or strengthen the lower esophageal sphincter
What is Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)? - Answers -Erosion of the lining. Imbalance of
digestive fluid
What are common signs and symptoms of PUD? - Answers -o Burning pain
o Vomiting of blood
o Dark blood in stools
o Nausea
o Unexplained weight loss
o Appetite changes
How is PUD diagnosed? - Answers -o physical exam
, o blood test - measure antibodies consistent with H. pylori
o stool culture - fecal exam to test for microorganisms
o biopsy - removal of living tissue
o endoscopy
o computerized tomography - scan-radiographic technique that produces detailed
images of slices or cross sections of the body
What is Crohn's disease? - Answers -o Inflammation of the digestive system
o Group of diseases Inflammatory Bowel Disease
o Can affect any area from the mouth to the anus
o Cause unknown - maybe due to abnormal reaction to the body's immune system
o Systems start ages 13-30
What are some common signs and symptoms of Crohn's disease? - Answers -oPain
and cramps in abdominal area
oDiarrhea/constipation
oBleeding from rectum
oWeight loss
o fever
How is it diagnosed? - Answers -oPhysical exam
oCBC (complete blood count)
oStool culture - markers of inflammation such as calprotectin
oGenetic testing
oEndoscopy
oCapsule endoscopy
How is Crohn's disease treated? - Answers -oAnti-inflammatory drugs: corticosteroids
oAntidiarrheal
oPain relievers
oAntibiotics
oImmune system suppressors
osurgery
What is cirrhosis of the liver? - Answers -Late state of scarring of the liver caused by
many forms of liver disease and conditions such as hepatitis and chronic alcohol abuse
What are the two most common causes of cirrhosis? - Answers -o Chronic hepatitis C
o Alcohol related
o Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and steatohepatitis
o Chronic hepatitis C - Answers -• Viral infection causes inflammation, welling and
damage to the liver
o Alcohol related - Answers -• Heavy drinking leads to fat and inflammation in the liver
• 10-12 years can lead to alcoholic cirrhosis
What are two common names for the GI system - Answers -o Alimentary canal
o Digestive system
What are the four functions of the GI system? - Answers -o Ingestion: intake of food
o Digestion: physical and chemical breakdown of food
o Absorption: extraction of nutrients
o Elimination: excretion of nutrients
What is GERD - Answers -o Gastroesophageal reflux disease
o Chronic digestive disease
Signs and symptoms of GERD - Answers -•Pyrosis (heartburn) - a burning sensation in
your chest sometimes spreading to your throat, along with a sour taste in your mouth
•Chest pain
•Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia)
•Dry cough
•Hoarseness or sore throat
•Regurgitation of food or sour liquid
•Nausea
•Sensation of a lump in your throat
What are common diagnostic tools? - Answers -oTest to monitor amount of acid in
esophagus
oBarium swallow
oEndoscopy - exam of esophagus
What are some common treatments? - Answers -oAntacids - neutralize hydrochloric
acid
oHistamine-2 receptor antagonists - reduce hydrochloric acid production
oMedications that block acid production and heal the esophagus
oSurgery to reinforce or strengthen the lower esophageal sphincter
What is Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)? - Answers -Erosion of the lining. Imbalance of
digestive fluid
What are common signs and symptoms of PUD? - Answers -o Burning pain
o Vomiting of blood
o Dark blood in stools
o Nausea
o Unexplained weight loss
o Appetite changes
How is PUD diagnosed? - Answers -o physical exam
, o blood test - measure antibodies consistent with H. pylori
o stool culture - fecal exam to test for microorganisms
o biopsy - removal of living tissue
o endoscopy
o computerized tomography - scan-radiographic technique that produces detailed
images of slices or cross sections of the body
What is Crohn's disease? - Answers -o Inflammation of the digestive system
o Group of diseases Inflammatory Bowel Disease
o Can affect any area from the mouth to the anus
o Cause unknown - maybe due to abnormal reaction to the body's immune system
o Systems start ages 13-30
What are some common signs and symptoms of Crohn's disease? - Answers -oPain
and cramps in abdominal area
oDiarrhea/constipation
oBleeding from rectum
oWeight loss
o fever
How is it diagnosed? - Answers -oPhysical exam
oCBC (complete blood count)
oStool culture - markers of inflammation such as calprotectin
oGenetic testing
oEndoscopy
oCapsule endoscopy
How is Crohn's disease treated? - Answers -oAnti-inflammatory drugs: corticosteroids
oAntidiarrheal
oPain relievers
oAntibiotics
oImmune system suppressors
osurgery
What is cirrhosis of the liver? - Answers -Late state of scarring of the liver caused by
many forms of liver disease and conditions such as hepatitis and chronic alcohol abuse
What are the two most common causes of cirrhosis? - Answers -o Chronic hepatitis C
o Alcohol related
o Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and steatohepatitis
o Chronic hepatitis C - Answers -• Viral infection causes inflammation, welling and
damage to the liver
o Alcohol related - Answers -• Heavy drinking leads to fat and inflammation in the liver
• 10-12 years can lead to alcoholic cirrhosis
