NR-324 Adult Health I Exam 1 Questions And
Correct Answers (Verified Answers) Plus
Rationales 2025/2026 Q&A | Instant Download
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1. Which electrolyte imbalance is most commonly associated with
chronic kidney disease?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hypernatremia
D. Hyponatremia
Answer: A. Hyperkalemia
Chronic kidney disease reduces the kidneys’ ability to excrete
potassium, leading to hyperkalemia.
2. A patient with heart failure presents with edema and shortness
of breath. Which medication is most appropriate to manage fluid
overload?
A. Furosemide
B. Metoprolol
C. Lisinopril
D. Digoxin
Answer: A. Furosemide
Furosemide is a loop diuretic that helps reduce fluid overload and
relieve symptoms of heart failure.
3. Which lab value best indicates dehydration?
,A. Low hematocrit
B. Low BUN
C. High hematocrit
D. Low sodium
Answer: C. High hematocrit
Dehydration concentrates the blood, leading to increased hematocrit.
4. The nurse is caring for a patient with COPD. Which oxygen
delivery method is preferred to prevent CO2 retention?
A. Nasal cannula
B. Simple face mask
C. Non-rebreather mask
D. High-flow venturi mask
Answer: D. High-flow venturi mask
The venturi mask delivers precise oxygen concentrations, which is
safest for patients at risk for CO2 retention.
5. A patient is prescribed digoxin. Which symptom indicates digoxin
toxicity?
A. Bradycardia and nausea
B. Hypertension and headache
C. Tachycardia and sweating
D. Hypotension and rash
Answer: A. Bradycardia and nausea
Digoxin toxicity often presents as gastrointestinal symptoms (nausea,
vomiting) and cardiac arrhythmias like bradycardia.
6. Which assessment finding is most concerning in a patient on
heparin therapy?
,A. Mild bruising at injection site
B. Nosebleeds and hematuria
C. Slight headache
D. Occasional dizziness
Answer: B. Nosebleeds and hematuria
These signs indicate excessive anticoagulation and possible bleeding.
7. A patient with cirrhosis presents with confusion and asterixis.
What complication should the nurse suspect?
A. Hepatic encephalopathy
B. Portal hypertension
C. Ascites
D. Jaundice
Answer: A. Hepatic encephalopathy
Confusion and asterixis (“liver flap”) are hallmark signs of hepatic
encephalopathy due to elevated ammonia levels.
8. Which dietary recommendation is appropriate for a patient with
chronic kidney disease?
A. High protein diet
B. Low sodium and low potassium diet
C. High sodium diet
D. Low carbohydrate diet
Answer: B. Low sodium and low potassium diet
CKD patients often need sodium and potassium restriction to prevent
fluid retention and hyperkalemia.
, 9. A patient presents with sudden onset of chest pain radiating to
the left arm, sweating, and shortness of breath. What is the priority
action?
A. Administer sublingual nitroglycerin
B. Obtain a 12-lead ECG immediately
C. Start an IV line
D. Give aspirin
Answer: B. Obtain a 12-lead ECG immediately
Rapid ECG assessment is critical to diagnose myocardial infarction
and guide treatment.
10. Which heart sound is normal in children but abnormal in
adults?
A. S1
B. S2
C. S3
D. S4
Answer: C. S3
An S3 may be normal in children and young adults but can indicate
heart failure in older adults.
11. A patient is receiving warfarin therapy. Which lab value is most
important to monitor?
A. aPTT
B. INR
C. Platelet count
D. Hemoglobin
Correct Answers (Verified Answers) Plus
Rationales 2025/2026 Q&A | Instant Download
1. Which electrolyte imbalance is most commonly associated with
chronic kidney disease?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hypernatremia
D. Hyponatremia
Answer: A. Hyperkalemia
Chronic kidney disease reduces the kidneys’ ability to excrete
potassium, leading to hyperkalemia.
2. A patient with heart failure presents with edema and shortness
of breath. Which medication is most appropriate to manage fluid
overload?
A. Furosemide
B. Metoprolol
C. Lisinopril
D. Digoxin
Answer: A. Furosemide
Furosemide is a loop diuretic that helps reduce fluid overload and
relieve symptoms of heart failure.
3. Which lab value best indicates dehydration?
,A. Low hematocrit
B. Low BUN
C. High hematocrit
D. Low sodium
Answer: C. High hematocrit
Dehydration concentrates the blood, leading to increased hematocrit.
4. The nurse is caring for a patient with COPD. Which oxygen
delivery method is preferred to prevent CO2 retention?
A. Nasal cannula
B. Simple face mask
C. Non-rebreather mask
D. High-flow venturi mask
Answer: D. High-flow venturi mask
The venturi mask delivers precise oxygen concentrations, which is
safest for patients at risk for CO2 retention.
5. A patient is prescribed digoxin. Which symptom indicates digoxin
toxicity?
A. Bradycardia and nausea
B. Hypertension and headache
C. Tachycardia and sweating
D. Hypotension and rash
Answer: A. Bradycardia and nausea
Digoxin toxicity often presents as gastrointestinal symptoms (nausea,
vomiting) and cardiac arrhythmias like bradycardia.
6. Which assessment finding is most concerning in a patient on
heparin therapy?
,A. Mild bruising at injection site
B. Nosebleeds and hematuria
C. Slight headache
D. Occasional dizziness
Answer: B. Nosebleeds and hematuria
These signs indicate excessive anticoagulation and possible bleeding.
7. A patient with cirrhosis presents with confusion and asterixis.
What complication should the nurse suspect?
A. Hepatic encephalopathy
B. Portal hypertension
C. Ascites
D. Jaundice
Answer: A. Hepatic encephalopathy
Confusion and asterixis (“liver flap”) are hallmark signs of hepatic
encephalopathy due to elevated ammonia levels.
8. Which dietary recommendation is appropriate for a patient with
chronic kidney disease?
A. High protein diet
B. Low sodium and low potassium diet
C. High sodium diet
D. Low carbohydrate diet
Answer: B. Low sodium and low potassium diet
CKD patients often need sodium and potassium restriction to prevent
fluid retention and hyperkalemia.
, 9. A patient presents with sudden onset of chest pain radiating to
the left arm, sweating, and shortness of breath. What is the priority
action?
A. Administer sublingual nitroglycerin
B. Obtain a 12-lead ECG immediately
C. Start an IV line
D. Give aspirin
Answer: B. Obtain a 12-lead ECG immediately
Rapid ECG assessment is critical to diagnose myocardial infarction
and guide treatment.
10. Which heart sound is normal in children but abnormal in
adults?
A. S1
B. S2
C. S3
D. S4
Answer: C. S3
An S3 may be normal in children and young adults but can indicate
heart failure in older adults.
11. A patient is receiving warfarin therapy. Which lab value is most
important to monitor?
A. aPTT
B. INR
C. Platelet count
D. Hemoglobin
