PCB 3023C / PCB3023C Exam 2: (Latest
Update ) Cell Biology |
Questions & Answers | Exam study
material | 100% Correct - FGCU
transposition
integration of small segments of DNA (mobile elements) into the chromosome
horizontal transfer
The transfer of DNA from one cell to another by a process other than cell division, such
as bacterial conjugation
exon shuffling
Mechanism for the evolution of new genes; in the process, coding sequences from
different genes are brought together to generate a protein with a novel combination of
domains.
what are the only changes passed on to progeny in sexually reproducing
organisms?
changes to germ line
what causes point mutations
Failures of the normal mechanisms for copying and repairing DNA.
Pseudogenes
former genes that have accumulated mutations and are nonfunctional
hemoglobin
transports O2 and CO2 in blood, contains 4 subunits (2 alpha & 2 beta)
, cut and paste transposition
excision of transposon from old site and insertion into new site
replicative transposition
Type of transposition in which a copy of the transposable element moves to a new site
while the original copy remains at the old site; increases the number of copies of the
transposable element.
conjugation
In bacteria, the direct transfer of DNA between two cells that are temporarily joined.
how do mobile genetic elements move
they encode the componenets they need for movement
source of antibiotic resistance is typically
transposons
most human elements/genome is
retrotransposons
how are transposons integrated
Transcription: Retrotransposons are first transcribed into RNA from their DNA form.
Reverse Transcription: The RNA is then reverse transcribed back into DNA by reverse
transcriptase.
Integration: The newly synthesized DNA is integrated into the host genome at a new
location.
DNA -> RNA intermediate -> DNA target
L1 & Alu elements
25% of genome, 10% of genome
Update ) Cell Biology |
Questions & Answers | Exam study
material | 100% Correct - FGCU
transposition
integration of small segments of DNA (mobile elements) into the chromosome
horizontal transfer
The transfer of DNA from one cell to another by a process other than cell division, such
as bacterial conjugation
exon shuffling
Mechanism for the evolution of new genes; in the process, coding sequences from
different genes are brought together to generate a protein with a novel combination of
domains.
what are the only changes passed on to progeny in sexually reproducing
organisms?
changes to germ line
what causes point mutations
Failures of the normal mechanisms for copying and repairing DNA.
Pseudogenes
former genes that have accumulated mutations and are nonfunctional
hemoglobin
transports O2 and CO2 in blood, contains 4 subunits (2 alpha & 2 beta)
, cut and paste transposition
excision of transposon from old site and insertion into new site
replicative transposition
Type of transposition in which a copy of the transposable element moves to a new site
while the original copy remains at the old site; increases the number of copies of the
transposable element.
conjugation
In bacteria, the direct transfer of DNA between two cells that are temporarily joined.
how do mobile genetic elements move
they encode the componenets they need for movement
source of antibiotic resistance is typically
transposons
most human elements/genome is
retrotransposons
how are transposons integrated
Transcription: Retrotransposons are first transcribed into RNA from their DNA form.
Reverse Transcription: The RNA is then reverse transcribed back into DNA by reverse
transcriptase.
Integration: The newly synthesized DNA is integrated into the host genome at a new
location.
DNA -> RNA intermediate -> DNA target
L1 & Alu elements
25% of genome, 10% of genome
