NUR3632 FOUNDATIONS EXAM 3
STUDY
Chapter66
1.6A6nurse6caring6for6patients6in6the6intensive6care6unit6develops6values6from6experience
6to6form6a6personal6code6of6ethics.6Which6statements6best6describe6a6characteristic6of6th
e6development6of6a6personal6value6system?6Select6all6that6apply.
People6are6born6with6values.
Values6act6as6standards6to6guide6behavior.
Values6are6ranked6on6a6continuum6of6importance.
Values6influence6beliefs6about6health6and6illness.
Value6systems6are6not6related6to6personal6codes6of6conduct.
Nurses6should6not6let6their6values6influence6patient6care.6-6ans-
✔✔1.6b,6c,6d.6A6value6is6a6belief6about6the6worth6of6something,6about6what6matters,6whic
h6acts6as6a6standard6to6guide6one's6behavior.6A6value6system6is6an6organization6of6value
s6in6which6each6is6ranked6along6a6continuum6of6importance,6often6leading6to6a6personal6
code6of6conduct.6A6person's6values6influence6beliefs6about6human6needs,6health,6and6ill
ness;6the6practice6of6health6behaviors;6and6human6responses6to6illness.6Values6guide6th
e6practice6of6nursing6care.6An6individual6is6not6born6with6values;6rather,6values6are6forme
d6during6a6lifetime6from6information6from6the6environment,6family,6and6culture.
2.6Five-year-
old6Bobby6has6dietary6modifications6related6to6his6diabetes.6His6parents6want6him6to6valu
e6good6nutritional6habits6and6they6decide6to6deprive6him6of6a6favorite6TV6program6when6
he6becomes6angry6after6they6deny6him6foods6not6on6his6diet.6This6is6an6example6of6what6
mode6of6value6transmission?
Modeling
Moralizing
Laissez-faire
Rewarding6and6punishing6-6ans-
✔✔2.6d.When6rewarding6and6punishing6are6used6to6transmit6values,6children6are6reward
ed6for6demonstrating6values6held6by6parents6and6punished6for6demonstrating6unaccepta
ble6values.6Through6modeling,6children6learn6what6is6of6high6or6low6value6by6observing6p
,arents,6peers,6and6significant6others.6Children6whose6caregivers6use6the6moralizing6mod
e6of6value6transmission6are6taught6a6complete6value6system6by6parents6or6an6institution6(
e.g.,6church6or6school)6that6allows6little6opportunity6for6them6to6weigh6different6values.6Th
ose6who6use6the6laissez-
faire6approach6to6value6transmission6leave6children6to6explore6values6on6their6own6(no6si
ngle6set6of6values6is6presented6as6best6for6all)6and6to6develop6a6personal6value6system.
3.6A6nurse6who6is6working6in6a6hospital6setting6after6graduation6from6a6local6college6uses
6value6clarification6to6help6understand6the6values6that6motivate6patient6behavior.6Which6e
xamples6denote6"prizing"6in6the6process6of6values6clarification?6Select6all6that6apply.
A6patient6decides6to6quit6smoking6following6a6diagnosis6of6lung6cancer.
A6patient6shows6off6a6new6outfit6that6she6is6wearing6after6losing6206pounds.
A6patient6chooses6to6work6fewer6hours6following6a6stress-related6myocardial6infarction.
A6patient6incorporates6a6new6low-cholesterol6diet6into6his6daily6routine.
A6patient6joins6a6gym6and6schedules6classes6throughout6the6year.
A6patient6proudly6displays6his6certificate6for6completing6a6marathon.6-6ans-
✔✔3.6b,6f.6Prizing6something6one6values6involves6pride,6happiness,6and6public6affirmatio
n,6such6as6losing6weight6or6running6a6marathon.6When6choosing,6one6chooses6freely6fro
m6alternatives6after6careful6consideration6of6the6consequences6of6each6alternative,6such6
as6quitting6smoking6and6working6fewer6hours.6Finally,6the6person6who6values6something6
acts6by6combining6choice6into6one's6behavior6with6consistency6and6regularity6on6the6valu
e,6such6as6joining6a6gym6for6the6year6and6following6a6low-cholesterol6diet6faithfully.
4.6The6American6Association6of6Colleges6of6Nursing6identified6five6values6that6epitomize6
the6caring6professional6nurse.6Which6of6these6is6best6described6as6acting6in6accordance6
with6an6appropriate6code6of6ethics6and6accepted6standards6of6practice?
Altruism
Autonomy
Human6dignity
Integrity6-6ans-
✔✔4.6d.6The6American6Association6of6Colleges6of6Nursing6defines6integrity6as6acting6in6
accordance6with6an6appropriate6code6of6ethics6and6accepted6standards6of6practice.6Altru
ism6is6a6concern6for6the6welfare6and6well-being6of6others.6Autonomy6is6the6right6to6self-
determination,6and6human6dignity6is6respect6for6the6inherent6worth6and6uniqueness6of6in
dividuals6and6populations.
5.6A6professional6nurse6with6a6commitment6to6social6justice6is6most6apt6to:
Provide6honest6information6to6patients6and6the6public
Promote6universal6access6to6health6care
Plan6care6in6partnership6with6patients
Document6care6accurately6and6honestly6-6ans-
✔✔5.6b.6The6American6Association6of6Colleges6of6Nursing6lists6promoting6universal6acc
ess6to6health6care6as6an6example6of6social6justice.6Providing6honest6information6and6doc
umenting6care6accurately6and6honestly6are6examples6of6integrity,6and6planning6care6in6p
artnership6with6patients6is6an6example6of6autonomy.
,6.6When6an6older6nurse6complains6to6a6younger6nurse6that6nurses6just6aren't6ethical6any
more,6which6reply6reflects6the6best6understanding6of6moral6development?
"Behaving6ethically6develops6gradually6from6childhood;6maybe6my6generation6doesn't6va
lue6this6enough6to6develop6an6ethical6code."
"I6don't6agree6that6nurses6were6more6ethical6in6the6past.6It's6a6new6age6and6the6ethics6ar
e6new!"
"Ethics6is6genetically6determined6...6it's6like6having6blue6or6brown6eyes.6Maybe6we're6evo
lving6out6of6the6ethical6sense6your6generation6had."
"I6agree!6It's6impossible6to6be6ethical6when6working6in6a6practice6setting6like6this!"6-6ans-
✔✔6.6a.6The6ability6to6be6ethical,6to6make6decisions,6and6to6act6in6an6ethically6justified6m
anner6begins6in6childhood6and6develops6gradually
7.6A6home6health6nurse6who6performs6a6careful6safety6assessment6of6the6home6of6a6frail
6elderly6patient6to6prevent6harm6to6the6patient6is6acting6in6accordance6with6which6of6the6p
rinciples6of6bioethics?
Autonomy
Beneficence
Justice
Fidelity
Nonmaleficence6-6ans-
✔✔7.6e.6Nonmaleficence6is6defined6as6the6obligation6to6prevent6harm.6Autonomy6is6resp
ect6for6another's6right6to6make6decisions,6beneficence6obligates6us6to6benefit6the6patient,
6justice6obligates6us6to6act6fairly,6and6fidelity6obligates6us6to6keep6our6promises.
8.6A6professional6nurse6committed6to6the6principle6of6autonomy6would6be6careful6to:
Provide6the6information6and6support6a6patient6needed6to6make6decisions6to6advance6on
e's6own6interests
Treat6each6patient6fairly,6trying6to6give6everyone6his6or6her6due
Keep6any6promises6made6to6a6patient6or6another6professional6caregiver
Avoid6causing6harm6to6a6patient6-6ans-
✔✔8.6a.6The6principle6of6autonomy6obligates6nurses6to6provide6the6information6and6supp
ort6patients6and6their6surrogates6need6to6make6decisions6that6advance6their6interests.6Ac
ting6with6justice6means6giving6each6person6his6or6her6due,6acting6with6fidelity6involves6ke
eping6promises6to6patients,6and6acting6with6nonmaleficence6means6avoiding6doing6harm
6to6patients.
9.6Janie6wants6to6call6an6ethics6consult6to6clarify6treatment6goals6for6a6patient6no6longer6
able6to6speak6for6himself.6She6believes6his6dying6is6being6prolonged6painfully.6She6is6tro
ubled6when6the6patient's6doctor6tells6her6that6she'll6be6fired6if6she6raises6questions6about6
his6care6or6calls6the6consult.6This6is6a6good6example6of:
Ethical6uncertainty
Ethical6distress
Ethical6dilemma
Ethical6residue6-6ans-
✔✔9.6b.6Ethical6distress6results6from6knowing6the6right6thing6to6do6but6finding6it6almost6i
mpossible6to6execute6because6of6institutional6or6other6constraints6(in6this6case,6fear6of6lo
, sing6her6job).6Ethical6uncertainty6results6from6feeling6troubled6by6a6situation6but6not6know
ing6if6it6is6an6ethical6problem.6Ethical6dilemmas6occur6when6the6principles6of6bioethics6jus
tify6two6or6more6conflicting6courses6of6action.6Ethical6residue6is6what6nurses6experience6
when6they6seriously6compromise6themselves6or6allow6themselves6to6be6compromised.
10.6A6student6nurse6begins6a6clinical6rotation6in6a6long-
term6care6facility6and6quickly6realizes6that6certain6residents6have6unmet6needs.6The6stud
ent6wants6to6advocate6for6these6residents.6Which6statements6reflect6a6correct6understan
ding6of6advocacy?6Select6all6that6apply.
Advocacy6is6the6protection6and6support6of6another's6rights.
Patient6advocacy6is6primarily6done6by6nurses.
Patients6with6special6advocacy6needs6include6the6very6young6and6the6elderly,6those6who
6are6seriously6ill,6and6those6with6disabilities.
Nurse6advocates6make6good6health6care6decisions6for6patients6and6residents.
Nurse6advocates6do6whatever6patients6and6residents6want.
Effective6advocacy6may6entail6becoming6politically6active.6-6ans-
✔✔10.6a,6c,6f.6Advocacy6is6the6protection6and6support6of6another's6rights.6Among6the6pat
ients6with6special6advocacy6needs6are6the6very6young6and6the6elderly,6those6who6are6ser
iously6ill,6and6those6with6disabilities;6this6is6not6a6comprehensive6list.6Effective6advocacy6
may6entail6becoming6politically6active.6Patient6advocacy6is6the6responsibility6of6every6me
mber6of6the6professional6caregiving6team—
not6just6nurses.6Nurse6advocates6do6not6make6health6care6decisions6for6their6patients6an
d6residents.6Instead,6they6facilitate6their6decision6making.6Advocacy6does6not6entail6supp
orting6patients6in6all6their6preferences.
Chapter67
1.6A6state6attorney6decides6to6charge6a6nurse6with6manslaughter6for6allegedly6administer
ing6a6lethal6medication.6This6is6an6example6of6what6type6of6law?
Public6law
Private6law
Civil6law
Criminal6law6-6ans-
✔✔1.6d.6Criminal6law6concerns6state6and6federal6criminal6statutes,6which6define6criminal
6actions6such6as6murder,6manslaughter, 6criminal6negligence,6theft,6and6illegal6possessio
n6of6drugs.6Public6law6regulates6relationships6between6people6and6the6government.6Priv
ate6or6civil6law6includes6laws6relating6to6contracts,6ownership6of6property,6and6the6practic
e6of6nursing,6medicine,6pharmacy,6and6dentistry.
2.6Newly6hired6nurses6in6a6busy6suburban6hospital6are6required6to6read6the6state6Nurse6
Practice6Act6as6part6of6their6training.6Which6topics6are6covered6by6this6act?
6Select6all6that6apply.
Violations6that6may6result6in6disciplinary6action
Clinical6procedures
Medication6administration
Scope6of6practice
Delegation6policies
STUDY
Chapter66
1.6A6nurse6caring6for6patients6in6the6intensive6care6unit6develops6values6from6experience
6to6form6a6personal6code6of6ethics.6Which6statements6best6describe6a6characteristic6of6th
e6development6of6a6personal6value6system?6Select6all6that6apply.
People6are6born6with6values.
Values6act6as6standards6to6guide6behavior.
Values6are6ranked6on6a6continuum6of6importance.
Values6influence6beliefs6about6health6and6illness.
Value6systems6are6not6related6to6personal6codes6of6conduct.
Nurses6should6not6let6their6values6influence6patient6care.6-6ans-
✔✔1.6b,6c,6d.6A6value6is6a6belief6about6the6worth6of6something,6about6what6matters,6whic
h6acts6as6a6standard6to6guide6one's6behavior.6A6value6system6is6an6organization6of6value
s6in6which6each6is6ranked6along6a6continuum6of6importance,6often6leading6to6a6personal6
code6of6conduct.6A6person's6values6influence6beliefs6about6human6needs,6health,6and6ill
ness;6the6practice6of6health6behaviors;6and6human6responses6to6illness.6Values6guide6th
e6practice6of6nursing6care.6An6individual6is6not6born6with6values;6rather,6values6are6forme
d6during6a6lifetime6from6information6from6the6environment,6family,6and6culture.
2.6Five-year-
old6Bobby6has6dietary6modifications6related6to6his6diabetes.6His6parents6want6him6to6valu
e6good6nutritional6habits6and6they6decide6to6deprive6him6of6a6favorite6TV6program6when6
he6becomes6angry6after6they6deny6him6foods6not6on6his6diet.6This6is6an6example6of6what6
mode6of6value6transmission?
Modeling
Moralizing
Laissez-faire
Rewarding6and6punishing6-6ans-
✔✔2.6d.When6rewarding6and6punishing6are6used6to6transmit6values,6children6are6reward
ed6for6demonstrating6values6held6by6parents6and6punished6for6demonstrating6unaccepta
ble6values.6Through6modeling,6children6learn6what6is6of6high6or6low6value6by6observing6p
,arents,6peers,6and6significant6others.6Children6whose6caregivers6use6the6moralizing6mod
e6of6value6transmission6are6taught6a6complete6value6system6by6parents6or6an6institution6(
e.g.,6church6or6school)6that6allows6little6opportunity6for6them6to6weigh6different6values.6Th
ose6who6use6the6laissez-
faire6approach6to6value6transmission6leave6children6to6explore6values6on6their6own6(no6si
ngle6set6of6values6is6presented6as6best6for6all)6and6to6develop6a6personal6value6system.
3.6A6nurse6who6is6working6in6a6hospital6setting6after6graduation6from6a6local6college6uses
6value6clarification6to6help6understand6the6values6that6motivate6patient6behavior.6Which6e
xamples6denote6"prizing"6in6the6process6of6values6clarification?6Select6all6that6apply.
A6patient6decides6to6quit6smoking6following6a6diagnosis6of6lung6cancer.
A6patient6shows6off6a6new6outfit6that6she6is6wearing6after6losing6206pounds.
A6patient6chooses6to6work6fewer6hours6following6a6stress-related6myocardial6infarction.
A6patient6incorporates6a6new6low-cholesterol6diet6into6his6daily6routine.
A6patient6joins6a6gym6and6schedules6classes6throughout6the6year.
A6patient6proudly6displays6his6certificate6for6completing6a6marathon.6-6ans-
✔✔3.6b,6f.6Prizing6something6one6values6involves6pride,6happiness,6and6public6affirmatio
n,6such6as6losing6weight6or6running6a6marathon.6When6choosing,6one6chooses6freely6fro
m6alternatives6after6careful6consideration6of6the6consequences6of6each6alternative,6such6
as6quitting6smoking6and6working6fewer6hours.6Finally,6the6person6who6values6something6
acts6by6combining6choice6into6one's6behavior6with6consistency6and6regularity6on6the6valu
e,6such6as6joining6a6gym6for6the6year6and6following6a6low-cholesterol6diet6faithfully.
4.6The6American6Association6of6Colleges6of6Nursing6identified6five6values6that6epitomize6
the6caring6professional6nurse.6Which6of6these6is6best6described6as6acting6in6accordance6
with6an6appropriate6code6of6ethics6and6accepted6standards6of6practice?
Altruism
Autonomy
Human6dignity
Integrity6-6ans-
✔✔4.6d.6The6American6Association6of6Colleges6of6Nursing6defines6integrity6as6acting6in6
accordance6with6an6appropriate6code6of6ethics6and6accepted6standards6of6practice.6Altru
ism6is6a6concern6for6the6welfare6and6well-being6of6others.6Autonomy6is6the6right6to6self-
determination,6and6human6dignity6is6respect6for6the6inherent6worth6and6uniqueness6of6in
dividuals6and6populations.
5.6A6professional6nurse6with6a6commitment6to6social6justice6is6most6apt6to:
Provide6honest6information6to6patients6and6the6public
Promote6universal6access6to6health6care
Plan6care6in6partnership6with6patients
Document6care6accurately6and6honestly6-6ans-
✔✔5.6b.6The6American6Association6of6Colleges6of6Nursing6lists6promoting6universal6acc
ess6to6health6care6as6an6example6of6social6justice.6Providing6honest6information6and6doc
umenting6care6accurately6and6honestly6are6examples6of6integrity,6and6planning6care6in6p
artnership6with6patients6is6an6example6of6autonomy.
,6.6When6an6older6nurse6complains6to6a6younger6nurse6that6nurses6just6aren't6ethical6any
more,6which6reply6reflects6the6best6understanding6of6moral6development?
"Behaving6ethically6develops6gradually6from6childhood;6maybe6my6generation6doesn't6va
lue6this6enough6to6develop6an6ethical6code."
"I6don't6agree6that6nurses6were6more6ethical6in6the6past.6It's6a6new6age6and6the6ethics6ar
e6new!"
"Ethics6is6genetically6determined6...6it's6like6having6blue6or6brown6eyes.6Maybe6we're6evo
lving6out6of6the6ethical6sense6your6generation6had."
"I6agree!6It's6impossible6to6be6ethical6when6working6in6a6practice6setting6like6this!"6-6ans-
✔✔6.6a.6The6ability6to6be6ethical,6to6make6decisions,6and6to6act6in6an6ethically6justified6m
anner6begins6in6childhood6and6develops6gradually
7.6A6home6health6nurse6who6performs6a6careful6safety6assessment6of6the6home6of6a6frail
6elderly6patient6to6prevent6harm6to6the6patient6is6acting6in6accordance6with6which6of6the6p
rinciples6of6bioethics?
Autonomy
Beneficence
Justice
Fidelity
Nonmaleficence6-6ans-
✔✔7.6e.6Nonmaleficence6is6defined6as6the6obligation6to6prevent6harm.6Autonomy6is6resp
ect6for6another's6right6to6make6decisions,6beneficence6obligates6us6to6benefit6the6patient,
6justice6obligates6us6to6act6fairly,6and6fidelity6obligates6us6to6keep6our6promises.
8.6A6professional6nurse6committed6to6the6principle6of6autonomy6would6be6careful6to:
Provide6the6information6and6support6a6patient6needed6to6make6decisions6to6advance6on
e's6own6interests
Treat6each6patient6fairly,6trying6to6give6everyone6his6or6her6due
Keep6any6promises6made6to6a6patient6or6another6professional6caregiver
Avoid6causing6harm6to6a6patient6-6ans-
✔✔8.6a.6The6principle6of6autonomy6obligates6nurses6to6provide6the6information6and6supp
ort6patients6and6their6surrogates6need6to6make6decisions6that6advance6their6interests.6Ac
ting6with6justice6means6giving6each6person6his6or6her6due,6acting6with6fidelity6involves6ke
eping6promises6to6patients,6and6acting6with6nonmaleficence6means6avoiding6doing6harm
6to6patients.
9.6Janie6wants6to6call6an6ethics6consult6to6clarify6treatment6goals6for6a6patient6no6longer6
able6to6speak6for6himself.6She6believes6his6dying6is6being6prolonged6painfully.6She6is6tro
ubled6when6the6patient's6doctor6tells6her6that6she'll6be6fired6if6she6raises6questions6about6
his6care6or6calls6the6consult.6This6is6a6good6example6of:
Ethical6uncertainty
Ethical6distress
Ethical6dilemma
Ethical6residue6-6ans-
✔✔9.6b.6Ethical6distress6results6from6knowing6the6right6thing6to6do6but6finding6it6almost6i
mpossible6to6execute6because6of6institutional6or6other6constraints6(in6this6case,6fear6of6lo
, sing6her6job).6Ethical6uncertainty6results6from6feeling6troubled6by6a6situation6but6not6know
ing6if6it6is6an6ethical6problem.6Ethical6dilemmas6occur6when6the6principles6of6bioethics6jus
tify6two6or6more6conflicting6courses6of6action.6Ethical6residue6is6what6nurses6experience6
when6they6seriously6compromise6themselves6or6allow6themselves6to6be6compromised.
10.6A6student6nurse6begins6a6clinical6rotation6in6a6long-
term6care6facility6and6quickly6realizes6that6certain6residents6have6unmet6needs.6The6stud
ent6wants6to6advocate6for6these6residents.6Which6statements6reflect6a6correct6understan
ding6of6advocacy?6Select6all6that6apply.
Advocacy6is6the6protection6and6support6of6another's6rights.
Patient6advocacy6is6primarily6done6by6nurses.
Patients6with6special6advocacy6needs6include6the6very6young6and6the6elderly,6those6who
6are6seriously6ill,6and6those6with6disabilities.
Nurse6advocates6make6good6health6care6decisions6for6patients6and6residents.
Nurse6advocates6do6whatever6patients6and6residents6want.
Effective6advocacy6may6entail6becoming6politically6active.6-6ans-
✔✔10.6a,6c,6f.6Advocacy6is6the6protection6and6support6of6another's6rights.6Among6the6pat
ients6with6special6advocacy6needs6are6the6very6young6and6the6elderly,6those6who6are6ser
iously6ill,6and6those6with6disabilities;6this6is6not6a6comprehensive6list.6Effective6advocacy6
may6entail6becoming6politically6active.6Patient6advocacy6is6the6responsibility6of6every6me
mber6of6the6professional6caregiving6team—
not6just6nurses.6Nurse6advocates6do6not6make6health6care6decisions6for6their6patients6an
d6residents.6Instead,6they6facilitate6their6decision6making.6Advocacy6does6not6entail6supp
orting6patients6in6all6their6preferences.
Chapter67
1.6A6state6attorney6decides6to6charge6a6nurse6with6manslaughter6for6allegedly6administer
ing6a6lethal6medication.6This6is6an6example6of6what6type6of6law?
Public6law
Private6law
Civil6law
Criminal6law6-6ans-
✔✔1.6d.6Criminal6law6concerns6state6and6federal6criminal6statutes,6which6define6criminal
6actions6such6as6murder,6manslaughter, 6criminal6negligence,6theft,6and6illegal6possessio
n6of6drugs.6Public6law6regulates6relationships6between6people6and6the6government.6Priv
ate6or6civil6law6includes6laws6relating6to6contracts,6ownership6of6property,6and6the6practic
e6of6nursing,6medicine,6pharmacy,6and6dentistry.
2.6Newly6hired6nurses6in6a6busy6suburban6hospital6are6required6to6read6the6state6Nurse6
Practice6Act6as6part6of6their6training.6Which6topics6are6covered6by6this6act?
6Select6all6that6apply.
Violations6that6may6result6in6disciplinary6action
Clinical6procedures
Medication6administration
Scope6of6practice
Delegation6policies
