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Samenvatting PC-practica - Statistische dataverwerking

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Een goede samenvatting van alles wat te kennen is van de PC-practica. Als je dit kopieert en plakt in R, heb je een handig document om je examen mee te maken. Ik heb hiermee een 15/20 behaald.

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library(ggplot2)
library(dplyr)
library(tidyr)
library(multcomp)
library(dunn.test)
library(GGally)
install.packages("dunn.test")


... <- read.csv("Data/ .csv",
stringsAsFactors = TRUE)
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------
# PC 1: basisbegrippen
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------


#dichtheidshistogram (continu)
ggplot(dataset, aes( x = variabele)) +
geom_histogram(aes( y = after_stat(density)),
bins = n) # + labs(x = "", y = "", title = "...")
#staafdiagram (discreet)
ggplot(dataset, aes(x = variabele)) +
geom_bar(aes(y = afterstat(prop)))


#empirische verdelingsfunctie
ggplot(dataset, aes(x = variabele)) +
stat_ecdf()


#boxplot
ggplot(dataset, aes( x = groep, y = waarde, fill = groep)) +
geom_boxplot()


#afkortingen voor verdelingen

, ?distribution
d... = densiteit (dichtheidsfunctie/probabiliteitsfunctie)
q... = kwantiel
p... = cummulatieve probabiliteit (verdelingsfunctie)
r... = random steekproef uit distributie
#extra functies toevoegen aan grafiek
avg <- mean(dataset$variabele)
s <- sd(dataset$variabele)
ggplot(dataset, aes(x = variabele)) +
... +
stat_function(fun = dnorm, #kan ook q/p/r..., of ...pois
args = list(mean = avg, #lambda = avg bij pois
sd = s ),
color = "red")


#QQ-plot
ggplot(dataset, aes(sample = variabele)) + #sample!!!
geom_qq(distribution = stats::qnorm, dparams = list(...)) +
geom_qq_line(distribution = stats::qnorm, dparams = list(...),
line.p = c(0...,0...)) #kwantielen aanpassen
#afwijking in staarten:
#horizontaal = kwantielen van steekproef dichter bij centrum dan verwacht
#verticaal = kwantielen verder van centrum dan verwacht


#betrouwbaarheidsinterval (vb.90%)
mX <- mean(dataset$variabele)
S <- sd(dataset$variabele)
n <- length(dataset$variabele)
t <- qt(p = 0.95, df = n-1) #90% BI
onderg <- mX - t * (S / sqrt(n))
boveng <- mX + t * (S / sqrt(n))
c(onderg,boveng)

, # ONE SAMPLE T-TEST #
#H0: µ = µ0
#H1: µ =!/</> µ0
#voorwaarden:
#1) continue variabele
#2) aselecte steekproef: observaties onafhankelijk van elkaar
#3) Populatie normaal verdeeld (of n groot genoeg voor centrale limietstelling)
#QQ plot maken
#manueel
#n <- nrow(no2)
#Qt <- (mx- m0?) / (S/sqrt(n))
#1- pt(Qt, df = n- 1)


#automatisch
t.test(dataset$variabele, mu=mu0,
alternative = “two.sided“) # = tweezijdig, less = links, greater = rechts




#----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------
# PC 2: Statistische besluitvorming
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------


#meerdere variabelen
#------------------------------------
# GEPAARDE T-TEST #
#H0: µverschil = 0
#H1: µverschil =! 0
#voorwaarden:

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Uploaded on
March 10, 2026
Number of pages
18
Written in
2025/2026
Type
SUMMARY

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