NR 507 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE Exam (elaborations) /NR 507 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE Exam (elaborations)[Download to score A]

1. What term is used to describe a hernial protrusion of a saclike cyst that contains meninges, spinal fluid, and a portion of the spinal cord through a defect in a posterior arch of a vertebra? a. Myelomeningocele 2. What provides the best estimate of the functioning of renal tissue? a. Glomerular filtration rate 3. Where are Langerhans cells found? a. skin 4. Where in the lung does gas exchange occur? a. Alveolocapillary membrane 5. The tonic neck reflex observed in a newborn should no longer be obtainable by: a. 5 months 6. When renin is released, it is capable of which action? a. Formation of Angiotensin I 7. The portion of the antigen that is configured for recognition and binding is referred to as what type of determinant? a. Epitope 8. Which sexually transmitted infection frequently coexists with gonorrhea? a. Chlamydia 9. How is the effectiveness of vitamin B12 therapy measured? a. Reticulocyte count 10. Carcinoma refers to abnormal cell proliferation originating from which tissue origin? a. Epithelial cells 11. Which type of microorganism reproduces on the skin? a. Bacteria and fungi 12. An infant has a crescendo-decrescendo systolic ejection murmur located between the second and third intercostal spaces along the left sternal border. A wide fixed splitting of the second heart sound is also found. These clinical findings are consistent with which congenital heart defect? a. Atrial Symptom defect (ASD) 13. An infant diagnosed with a small patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) would likely exhibit which symptom? a. Lack of symptoms 14. What is the function of erythrocytes? a. Tissue oxygenation 15. Which terms represent the correct nomenclature for benign and malignant tumors of adipose tissue, respectively? a. Lipoma, liposarcoma 16. What is the chance with each pregnancy that a child born to two parents with the sickle trait will have sickle cell disease (SCD)? a. 25% 17. What pulmonary defense mechanism propels a mucous blanket that entraps particles moving toward the oropharynx? a. Cillias 18. The concentration of the final urine is determined by antidiuretic hormone (ADH), which is secreted by which gland? a. Posterior pituitary 19. Why is the herpes virus inaccessible to antibodies after the initial infection? a. The virus does not circulate in the blood 20. Which renal change is found in older adults? a. Decrease in the number of nephrons 21. Which immunoglobulin is present in blood, saliva, breast milk, and respiratory secretions? a. IG A 22. Which hormone prompts increased anxiety, vigilance, and arousal during a stress response? a. Norepinephrine 23. Which statement is true regarding maternal antibodies provided to the neonate? a. The antibodies enter circulation by means of active transport 24. The function of the tumor cell marker is to: a. Screen individuals for high risk of cancer 25. Which statement is true concerning a fungal infection? a. Phagocytes and T lymphocytes control fungal infections 26. Which change is a result of puberty and defends the vagina from infection? a. Vaginal PH becomes more acidic 27. The number of persons living with a specific disease at a specific point in time is referred to by which term? a. Prevalence 28. Which risk factor for hypertension is influenced by genetic factors and lifestyle? a. Obesity 29. Having ejected a mature ovum, the ovarian follicle develops into a(n): a. Corpus luteum 30. The failure of bones to ossify, resulting in soft bones and skeletal deformity, characterizes which disorder? a. Rickets 31. What is the term that denotes the duration of time or the intensity of pain that a person will endure before outwardly responding? a. Tolerance 32. Aldosterone directly increases the reabsorption of: a. Sodium 33. Atrial fibrillation, rheumatic heart disease, and valvular prosthetics are risk factors for which type of stroke? a. Embolic 34. Which clinical manifestations are associated with fibromyalgia? a. Sensitivity at the tender points and profound fatigue 35. Prolonged high environmental temperatures that produce dehydration, decreased plasma volumes, hypotension, decreased cardiac output, and tachycardia cause which disorder of temperature regulation? a. Heat exhaustion 36. What is the leading cause of infertility in women? a. Polycistic ovary syndrome 37. Which substance is a water-soluble protein hormone? a. Insulin 38. What is the target tissue for prolactin-releasing factor? a. Anterior pituitary 39. What is the cause of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH)? a. REduction in the number of low density lipoprotein receptors on cell surfaces 40. Regarding type 2 diabetes, obesity is considered to be what type of risk? a. Modifiable 41. Which four-step process correctly describes muscle contraction? a. Excitation, coupling, contraction, relaxation 42. Adoption studies have shown that the offspring of an alcoholic parent when raised by nonalcoholic parents have wh