Summary NR 507 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE – ALL POSSIBLE QUESTION AND ANSWERS/ GUARANTEE OF AN +/ LATEST UPDATE

NR 507 Final Exam Study Guide 28 PAGES ACID BASE IMBALANCE While checking arterial blood gas results, a nurse finds respiratory acidosis. What does the nurse suspect is occurring in the patient? A 20-year-old male is in acute pain. An arterial blood gas reveals decreased carbon dioxide (CO2 ) levels. Which of the following does the nurse suspect is the most likely cause? The nurse is assessing a client with suspected respiratory acidosis. Which assessment items are priority for the nurse to​ collect? The student nurse is assisting in the care for a client with acute respiratory acidosis. The nurse explains to the student nurse that the​ client’s blood pH initially falls in the development of acute respiratory acidosis because of which​ process? ACTH The nurse is preparing a client for testing to determine if the client has Cushing syndrome. What tests are included in the screening process A client comes to the clinic with fatigue and muscle weakness. The client also states she has been having diarrhea. The nurse observes the skin of the client has a bronze tone and when asked, the client says she has not had any sun exposure. The mucous membranes of the gums are bluish-black. When reviewing laboratory results from this client, what does the nurse anticipate seeing? A client is diagnosed with adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency (ACTH) and is to begin replacement therapy. Regarding which type of replacement will the nurse educate the client? Following destruction of the pituitary gland, ACTH stimulation stops. Without ACTH to stimulate the adrenal glands, the adrenals’ production of cortisol drops. This is an example of which type of endocrine disorder? The nurse is preparing a client for a test that will measure negative feedback suppression of ACTH. Which medication will the nurse administer in conjunction for this test? ACTH deficiency results in secondary ACTH deficiency is most commonly caused by? 6 symptoms of an ACTH deficiency interpretation of ACTH levels requires simultaneous assessment of ACTH levels are normal to high in primary adrenal insufficiency ACTH levels are low to absent in secondary adrenal insufficiency The client has been taking an oral cortisol preparation for 2 years to manage an autoimmune disease. What effects does the nurse expect this therapy to have on this client’s circulating levels of ACTH and aldosterone? A nurse checks lab results as both Cushing syndrome and Addison disease can manifest with elevated levels of: ACUTE EPIGLOTTITIS A caregiver calls the pediatrician’s office and reports to the nurse that her 4-year-old, who was fine the previous day, complained of a sore throat early in the morning and now has a temperature of 102.6° F (39.2° C). The caregiver has tried to get the child to nap but the child gets panicky, immediately sits back up, and leans forward with her mouth open and tongue out when the caregiver encourages her to lie down. The nurse suspects the child has which of the following conditions? The caregivers of a child report that their child had a cold and complained of a sore throat. When interviewed further they report that the child has a high fever, is very anxious, and is breathing by sitting up and leaning forward with the mouth open and the tongue out. The nurse recognizes these symptoms as those seen with which of the following disorders? A 5-year-old child is brought to the clinic by his father because the child developed a high fever over the past 2 to 3 hours. The nurse suspects epiglottitis based on which signs and symptoms? The nurse is caring for a 5-year-old girl who shows signs and symptoms of epiglottitis. The nurse recognizes a common complication of the disorder is for the child to: AIDS A 36-year-old man enters the hospital in an extremely debilitated condition. He has purple-brown skin lesions (a symptom of Kaposi’s sarcoma) and a persistent cough. A physical examination reveals swollen lymph nodes, and laboratory tests find a very low lymphocyte count. Information taken during the personal history reveals that he has multiple sex partners with whom he frequently engages in unprotected sex. What is likely to be the man’s problem and what is his prognosis? Why does nursing care of a patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) include monitoring of T lymphocyte counts? What is the length of time from infection with the AIDS virus to seroconversion? A 21-year-old woman diagnosed with HIV/AIDS 4 years ago now presents with cytomegalovirus. The nurse explains to the woman that the infection is caused by a common organism that normally does not cause infection in someone with a healthy immune system. This type of infection is called what? The nurse is caring for a client who has just been diagnosed with AIDS. The client asks the nurse, “How long will I live?” Which of the following is an appropriate response by the nurse? Which of the following clients is at the greatest risk for developing an intracellular pathogen infection? ALVEOLAR VENTILATION/PERFUSION A consequence of alveolar hypoxia is: The pressure required to inflate an alveolus is inversely related to: The nurse is describing the movement of blood into and out of the capillary beds of the lungs to the body organs and tissues. What term should the nurse use to describe this process? A pulmonologist is discussing the base of the lungs with staff. Which information should be included? At the base of the lungs: When the pulmonologist discusses the condition in which a series of alveoli in the left lower lo be receive adequate ventilation but do not have adequate perfusion, which statement indicates the nurse understands this condition? When this occurs in a patient it is called: Which of the following conditions should the nurse monitor for in a patient with hypoventilation? A nurse is describing the pathophysiology of emphysema. Which information should the nurse include? Emphysema results in: ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE A patient is admitted to the unit in the middle stages of Alzheimer’s disease. How would the nurse expect to find the patient’s state of mind? When teaching the children of a patient who is being evaluated for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) about the disorder, the nurse explains that The patient has been diagnosed with the mild cognitive impairment stage of Alzheimer’s disease. What nursing interventions should the nurse expect to use with this patient? A patient with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) dementia has manifestations of depression. The nurse knows that treatment of the patient with antidepressants will most likely do what? The wife of a patient who is manifesting deterioration in memory asks the nurse whether her husband has AD. The nurse explains that a diagnosis of AD is usually made when what happens? ANGIOTENSIN-RENIN SYSTEM The nurse recognizes that the action of angiotensin II is what? The nurse understands that aldosterone secretion is increased when the patient has what? With what does the nurse correlate the release of renin? What are the 2 most common causes that activate the RAAS system? The goal of the RAAS system is to increase BP to thus help restore perfusion pressure to the kidneys ANTIBODIES, IGG, IGA, ETC A patient has a parasite. Which lab report should the nurse check to help confirm this diagnosis? If a patient has a typical secondary immune response, which antibody is most predominant? A mother is breastfeeding her infant. The nurse realizes the main antibody being transferred from the mother to her infant through the breast milk is: When a person has a life-threatening hypersensitivity/allergic reaction to bee stings, which lab result will the nurse check Which immunity principle should guide the nurse when caring for an infant? At birth, IgG levels in newborn infants are: While reviewing a patients’ immunological profile, which immunoglobulin does the nurse expect to see elevated if the patient has a type I hypersensitivity reaction? The antibody that becomes bound to mast cells and basophils and causes the cells to release histamine and other chemicals is In teaching a patient with SLE about the disorder, the nurse knows that the pathophysiology of SLE includes A patient is diagnosed with a hypersensitivity reaction mediated by immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. For which type of hypersensitivity reaction should the nurse plan care for this patient? Type 12 AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT DISEASES A nurse is assessing a patient with an autosomal-dominant inherited condition. When discussing the risk of transmission to the patient’s offspring, which of the following would the nurse include? A client has an autosomal-dominant disorder. His wife is unaffected. When explaining the risk for inheritance of the disorder in their offspring, which statement by the nurse would be most appropriate? The daughter of a patient with Huntington disease has requested that she be tested for the disease even though she has no symptoms at this time. What type of test does the nurse anticipate the physician will order? Which of the following risk factors have been linked to ovarian cancers? Select all that apply. A late acting dominant disorder is: Huntignton’s chorea is characterised by Dancing gait and bizarre grimacing are characteristics of: The RN is reading the chart of a new pt. at the genetic clinic. The chart notes that the pt., her brother, and her mother all have inherited a particular condition. The RN plans care for a condition with which of the following type of inheritance pattern? BARTHOLIN GLANDS A woman visits her primary care provider with a complaint of pain and swelling in the vagina area. The pain is present when she sits and walks intercourse is painful. The nurse prepares the patient for an examination. The nurse and health care provider suspect that the patient may have an inflammation or infection of the? A patient has been diagnosed with a Bartholin gland cyst. The nurse expects the patient may experience which symptoms if this becomes infected? The female external genitalia are made up of several components. What is in the vestibule of the female external genitalia? When performing a pelvic examination, the nurse observes a red swollen area on the right side of the vaginal orifice. The nurse would document this as enlargement of which of the following? BILE SALT DEFICIENCIES Clinical manifestations of bile salt deficiencies are related to poor absorption of: CANDIDIASIS EXACERBATION Samantha Velasquez, a 24-year-old preschool teacher, is being seen by the physician in the primary care group where you practice nursing. Over the past 2 months, she has been receiving treatment for multiple ear infections and tonsillitis. She reports a curdy white vaginal discharge and burning with urination. What is the most likely cause of her symptoms? A nurse is counseling a client about risk factors for yeast infections. Which of the following should the nurse list as a risk factor for an overgrowth of Candida albicans? CARBUNCLES Localized skin infection involving hair follicles: CARCINOMA A nurse is conducting a session on education about cancers of the reproductive tract and is explaining the importance of visiting a health care professional if certain unusual symptoms appear. Which should the nurse include in her list of symptoms that merit a visit to a health care professional for further evaluation The postmenopausal woman who has bleeding and spotting and cannot tolerate a endometrial biopsy in the office would expect to have which of the following tests done to rule out endometrial cancer? The nursing student correctly identifies which of the following to be the treatment of choice for endometrial cancer? The nursing student correctly identifies which of the following age group to be when ovarian cancer occurs more frequently? Treatment for Stage IA (Microinvasive Carcinoma) is? An aide asks the nurse what is the most common cause of elevated levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secretion. How should the nurse respond? The nurse working with oncology clients understands that interacting factors affect cancer development. Which factors does this include? A nurse is providing community education on the seven warning signs of cancer. Which signs are included The nursing instructor explains the difference between normal cells and benign tumor cells. What information does the instructor provide about these cells? The nursing student learning about cancer development remembers characteristics of normal cells. Which characteristics does this include? The student nurse caring for clients who have cancer understands that the general consequences of cancer include which client problems? CERVICAL DYSPLASIA The nurse is caring for a woman who has dysplasia (disordered growth of abnormal cells). The nurse educates her on dysplasia progression that is high-grade. Which of the following information is important for the nurse to include? Prime etiologic factor in the development of dysplasia Cervical dysplasia and cancer is relatively rare before …. years of age, and the mean age is about …. years. After speaking with the RN, Mrs. Sailor understands that the endocervical biopsy will be done by cervical conization to allow for microscopic examination of the cervical tissue. She is scheduled for cervical conization in 2 day. How should the RN respond to the client? How often should a Pap and HPV be done CERVICAL IMMUNOGLOBULIN A woman who is 22 weeks pregnant has a vaginal i