NR601 Exam 2: Primary Care of the Maturing & Aged Family Practicum
Questions and Answers and Explanations | Latest - Chamberlain
1. Which of the following is characterized by an acute, fluctuating change in
mental status, often associated with an underlying medical condition?
A. Dementia
B. Schizophrenia
C. Depression
D. Delirium
Answer: D
Explanation: Delirium is characterized by an acute onset, fluctuating course, and altered
level of consciousness, usually triggered by an underlying medical issue.
2. According to the Beer’s Criteria, which medication class should be avoided in
elderly patients due to high risk of falls and fractures?
A. ACE Inhibitors
B. Statins
C. Proton Pump Inhibitors
D. Benzodiazepines
Answer: D
,Explanation: Benzodiazepines increase the risk of cognitive impairment, falls, and
fractures in the elderly and are listed on the Beer’s Criteria.
3. An elderly patient is unable to manage their finances and use the telephone.
These are examples of deficits in:
A. Activities of Daily Living (ADLs)
B. Cognitive reserve
C. Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs)
D. Physical mobility
Answer: C
Explanation: IADLs involve more complex tasks like managing money, shopping, and using
communication devices, whereas ADLs involve basic self-care.
4. Which screening tool is most appropriate for assessing cognitive impairment
in a primary care setting?
A. PHQ-9
B. Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE)
C. GDS
D. CAGE questionnaire
Answer: B
Explanation: The MMSE (or MoCA) is used to screen for cognitive impairment and track
changes over time in elderly patients.
,5. For a frail elderly patient with multiple comorbidities, what is the
recommended HbA1c goal?
A. < 6.5%
B. 7.5% - 8.5%
C. < 7.0%
D. < 6.0%
Answer: B
Explanation: In frail older adults with limited life expectancy and multiple comorbidities, a
more relaxed HbA1c goal (7.5-8.5%) is recommended to avoid hypoglycemia.
6. A 75-year-old male presents with urinary frequency, urgency, and a weak
stream. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
B. Prostate cancer
C. Urinary Tract Infection
D. Nephrolithiasis
Answer: A
Explanation: BPH is common in aging males and presents with obstructive and irritative
voiding symptoms.
, 7. A T-score of -2.6 on a DXA scan indicates:
A. Osteoporosis
B. Osteopenia
C. Normal bone density
D. Osteoarthritis
Answer: A
Explanation: A T-score of -2.5 or lower is the diagnostic threshold for osteoporosis.
8. Which type of urinary incontinence is characterized by leakage during
coughing, sneezing, or laughing?
A. Urge incontinence
B. Overflow incontinence
C. Stress incontinence
D. Functional incontinence
Answer: C
Explanation: Stress incontinence occurs when physical movement or activity puts
pressure on the bladder.
9. The ‘Timed Up and Go’ (TUG) test is used to assess:
A. Fall risk and mobility
B. Cognitive function
Questions and Answers and Explanations | Latest - Chamberlain
1. Which of the following is characterized by an acute, fluctuating change in
mental status, often associated with an underlying medical condition?
A. Dementia
B. Schizophrenia
C. Depression
D. Delirium
Answer: D
Explanation: Delirium is characterized by an acute onset, fluctuating course, and altered
level of consciousness, usually triggered by an underlying medical issue.
2. According to the Beer’s Criteria, which medication class should be avoided in
elderly patients due to high risk of falls and fractures?
A. ACE Inhibitors
B. Statins
C. Proton Pump Inhibitors
D. Benzodiazepines
Answer: D
,Explanation: Benzodiazepines increase the risk of cognitive impairment, falls, and
fractures in the elderly and are listed on the Beer’s Criteria.
3. An elderly patient is unable to manage their finances and use the telephone.
These are examples of deficits in:
A. Activities of Daily Living (ADLs)
B. Cognitive reserve
C. Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs)
D. Physical mobility
Answer: C
Explanation: IADLs involve more complex tasks like managing money, shopping, and using
communication devices, whereas ADLs involve basic self-care.
4. Which screening tool is most appropriate for assessing cognitive impairment
in a primary care setting?
A. PHQ-9
B. Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE)
C. GDS
D. CAGE questionnaire
Answer: B
Explanation: The MMSE (or MoCA) is used to screen for cognitive impairment and track
changes over time in elderly patients.
,5. For a frail elderly patient with multiple comorbidities, what is the
recommended HbA1c goal?
A. < 6.5%
B. 7.5% - 8.5%
C. < 7.0%
D. < 6.0%
Answer: B
Explanation: In frail older adults with limited life expectancy and multiple comorbidities, a
more relaxed HbA1c goal (7.5-8.5%) is recommended to avoid hypoglycemia.
6. A 75-year-old male presents with urinary frequency, urgency, and a weak
stream. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
B. Prostate cancer
C. Urinary Tract Infection
D. Nephrolithiasis
Answer: A
Explanation: BPH is common in aging males and presents with obstructive and irritative
voiding symptoms.
, 7. A T-score of -2.6 on a DXA scan indicates:
A. Osteoporosis
B. Osteopenia
C. Normal bone density
D. Osteoarthritis
Answer: A
Explanation: A T-score of -2.5 or lower is the diagnostic threshold for osteoporosis.
8. Which type of urinary incontinence is characterized by leakage during
coughing, sneezing, or laughing?
A. Urge incontinence
B. Overflow incontinence
C. Stress incontinence
D. Functional incontinence
Answer: C
Explanation: Stress incontinence occurs when physical movement or activity puts
pressure on the bladder.
9. The ‘Timed Up and Go’ (TUG) test is used to assess:
A. Fall risk and mobility
B. Cognitive function
