FPCC – Final Exam – 2026 – Comprehensive Study Guide
and Review Material
what is the chain of infection - correct answer ✔✔ infectious agent
host
reservoir
portal of exit
mode of transmission
portal of entry
host
what are some nursing interventions to break steps in the chain of infection - correct answer
✔✔ hand hygiene, maintain skin integrity, wound care, standard precautions,
How can the nurse support the body's normal defenses? - correct answer ✔✔ making sure the
skin is clean, dry, and intact. wounds are healing properly, good nutrition, hydrated, vitamins,
HAND HYGIENE
what factors make a patient less susceptible for infection? - correct answer ✔✔ immunizations,
good nutrition, hygiene, rest/sleep, exercise, stress reduction
what factors make a patient more susceptible for infection? - correct answer ✔✔ break in
primary defense, illness/injury, stress, smoking, drugs, unsafe sex, environmental conditions,
chronic disease, medication, invasive procedures
when should the nurse use soap and water for hand hygiene? - correct answer ✔✔ before
eating, after bathroom, when hands are visibly soiled, for infections with spores. (C.diff)
,when should the nurse use alcohol based hand hygiene - correct answer ✔✔ when entering
patients room, after removing gloves, just all the time
what is meant by standard precautions - correct answer ✔✔ use when coming in contact with
blood and body fluids, non-intact skin, and mucous membranes from all patients
PPE- gown, gloves, mask, goggles
what is droplet isolation? - correct answer ✔✔ example: flu
needs a privet or cohort room. patient must be transferred in mask. use mask when with
patient, espicially with in 3 ft. standard PPE
what is contact isolation? - correct answer ✔✔ example: MDROs
needs private or cohort room
can be transported as long as no one touches
standard PPE
what is airborne isolation? - correct answer ✔✔ example: TB, chicken pox, measles, varicella
zoster
need private room with negative air flow, door closed
only transport if ABSOLUTELY necessary, with mask on
full PPE and filer mask
what is protective isolation - correct answer ✔✔ for people who are immunosurpressed. need
private room with positive airflow. use full PPE. no fresdh fruits, veggies, or plants
what is medical asepsis - correct answer ✔✔ clean technique. reducing and preventing transfer
of organisms decreases risk of spreading infections.
,maintain a clean environment: wipe up spills, single use, single patient items. clean
stethoscopes, pagers, keyboards.
surgical asepsis - correct answer ✔✔ eliminates microbes
steriletechnique, sterile equipment and supplies, sterile environments
clinical manifestations of a local infection - correct answer ✔✔ redness, swelling, pain, puss,
heat, loss of use
clinical manifestations of a systemic infection - correct answer ✔✔ fever, chills, cold sweats,
nausea, vomiting, hives, HR AND RR increase, malaise, enlarged lymph nodes, anorexia
what activities will the nurse perform for a focussed assessment for a patient with a fever -
correct answer ✔✔ WBC, culture and specitivity
identify trends
what are some nursing care items for a febrile patient? - correct answer ✔✔ antipyretics and
antimicrobial therapy
encourage heat loss- cooling cloth, minimal covers, fan and ac
hydration
nutrition
oral care
wound classification - correct answer ✔✔ by extent: partial thickness (open), full thickness
(open), closed
by onset and duration: acute, chronic
by level of contamination: clean, contaminated
by healing process: primary secondary tertiary
, pressure ulcer risk factors - correct answer ✔✔ moisture
immobility
loss of feeling
shear
friction
poor nutrition
age
skin condition
altered LOC
pressure ulcer nursing assessment: where - correct answer ✔✔ bony prominences
areas under weight
medical appliances
damp areas
intertriginous
pressure ulcer nursing assessment: what? - correct answer ✔✔ color of skin: blanching or no
warmth
edema
change in tissue consistency
REASSESS ABNORMAL FINDINGS IN ONE HOUR
pressure ulcer nursing assessment: when? - correct answer ✔✔ on admission
daily
as needed based on assessment findings (reasses abnormal findings within one hour)
and Review Material
what is the chain of infection - correct answer ✔✔ infectious agent
host
reservoir
portal of exit
mode of transmission
portal of entry
host
what are some nursing interventions to break steps in the chain of infection - correct answer
✔✔ hand hygiene, maintain skin integrity, wound care, standard precautions,
How can the nurse support the body's normal defenses? - correct answer ✔✔ making sure the
skin is clean, dry, and intact. wounds are healing properly, good nutrition, hydrated, vitamins,
HAND HYGIENE
what factors make a patient less susceptible for infection? - correct answer ✔✔ immunizations,
good nutrition, hygiene, rest/sleep, exercise, stress reduction
what factors make a patient more susceptible for infection? - correct answer ✔✔ break in
primary defense, illness/injury, stress, smoking, drugs, unsafe sex, environmental conditions,
chronic disease, medication, invasive procedures
when should the nurse use soap and water for hand hygiene? - correct answer ✔✔ before
eating, after bathroom, when hands are visibly soiled, for infections with spores. (C.diff)
,when should the nurse use alcohol based hand hygiene - correct answer ✔✔ when entering
patients room, after removing gloves, just all the time
what is meant by standard precautions - correct answer ✔✔ use when coming in contact with
blood and body fluids, non-intact skin, and mucous membranes from all patients
PPE- gown, gloves, mask, goggles
what is droplet isolation? - correct answer ✔✔ example: flu
needs a privet or cohort room. patient must be transferred in mask. use mask when with
patient, espicially with in 3 ft. standard PPE
what is contact isolation? - correct answer ✔✔ example: MDROs
needs private or cohort room
can be transported as long as no one touches
standard PPE
what is airborne isolation? - correct answer ✔✔ example: TB, chicken pox, measles, varicella
zoster
need private room with negative air flow, door closed
only transport if ABSOLUTELY necessary, with mask on
full PPE and filer mask
what is protective isolation - correct answer ✔✔ for people who are immunosurpressed. need
private room with positive airflow. use full PPE. no fresdh fruits, veggies, or plants
what is medical asepsis - correct answer ✔✔ clean technique. reducing and preventing transfer
of organisms decreases risk of spreading infections.
,maintain a clean environment: wipe up spills, single use, single patient items. clean
stethoscopes, pagers, keyboards.
surgical asepsis - correct answer ✔✔ eliminates microbes
steriletechnique, sterile equipment and supplies, sterile environments
clinical manifestations of a local infection - correct answer ✔✔ redness, swelling, pain, puss,
heat, loss of use
clinical manifestations of a systemic infection - correct answer ✔✔ fever, chills, cold sweats,
nausea, vomiting, hives, HR AND RR increase, malaise, enlarged lymph nodes, anorexia
what activities will the nurse perform for a focussed assessment for a patient with a fever -
correct answer ✔✔ WBC, culture and specitivity
identify trends
what are some nursing care items for a febrile patient? - correct answer ✔✔ antipyretics and
antimicrobial therapy
encourage heat loss- cooling cloth, minimal covers, fan and ac
hydration
nutrition
oral care
wound classification - correct answer ✔✔ by extent: partial thickness (open), full thickness
(open), closed
by onset and duration: acute, chronic
by level of contamination: clean, contaminated
by healing process: primary secondary tertiary
, pressure ulcer risk factors - correct answer ✔✔ moisture
immobility
loss of feeling
shear
friction
poor nutrition
age
skin condition
altered LOC
pressure ulcer nursing assessment: where - correct answer ✔✔ bony prominences
areas under weight
medical appliances
damp areas
intertriginous
pressure ulcer nursing assessment: what? - correct answer ✔✔ color of skin: blanching or no
warmth
edema
change in tissue consistency
REASSESS ABNORMAL FINDINGS IN ONE HOUR
pressure ulcer nursing assessment: when? - correct answer ✔✔ on admission
daily
as needed based on assessment findings (reasses abnormal findings within one hour)
