Semmelweis Entrance Exam Medicine
Biology EXAM STUDY GUIDE
2026/2027 COMPLETE QUESTIONS
WITH VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS ||
100% GUARANTEED PASS
<NEWEST VERSION>
1. What are carbohydrates and lipids? - ANSWER ✔ Organic compounds that
are mostly composed of three types of atom; carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
2. What do carbohydrates do? - ANSWER ✔ provide energy, in the form of
sugars like glucose and fructose, but they also make up structures like
cellulose, which form the cell wall of plant cells
3. What type of carbohydrate is the most important source of energy? -
ANSWER ✔ mono-, di- and poly-saccharides
4. What are mono and disaccharides? - ANSWER ✔ polar and soluble in water
5. What are polysaccharides? - ANSWER ✔ Macromolecules resulting from
polymerisation (condensation) of sugars and are not soluble in water
6. Examples of monosaccharides - ANSWER ✔ ribose, glucose, fructose,
galactose
,7. What forms a disaccharide? - ANSWER ✔ two monosaccharides linked
together by condensation reactions with glycosidic bonds releasing one H2O
molecule
8. What are muscles? - ANSWER ✔ tissues or fibers that cause movement of
body parts and organs
9. Structure of muscles - ANSWER ✔ each muscle fiber contains many
microfibrils
10.each divided along its length into repeating units called sacromeres
11.General definition of joints - ANSWER ✔ Areas where two or more bones
join together
12.Describe muscle contraction - ANSWER ✔ Muscle contraction Is caused by
interactions of thick and thin filaments
Thin filament (actin) is attached to Z line
Thick filaments (myosin) is
"hanging" in the middle
When myosin attaches
to actin it pulls strings
of actin toward each
other
13.Parts of the male reproductive system - ANSWER ✔
14.Parts of the female reproductive system - ANSWER ✔
,15.Describe the ovarian cycle - ANSWER ✔ Eggs are formed through meiosis
in ovaries
1 matures enough to be released into fallopian tubes (halfway through
monthly cycle)
Corpus luteum where egg used to be disintegrates unless fertilized
16.What causes ovulation? - ANSWER ✔ surge of LH
17.What causes menstruation? - ANSWER ✔ drop in estrogen and
progesterone
18.What are the pituitary gland hormones and what are their functions? -
ANSWER ✔ The pituitary gland is about the size of a pea. It is located in
the brain, and sits just behind the bridge of the nose. The pituitary gland is
called the master gland of the endocrine system. This is because it controls
many other hormone glands in the body
19.What are the adrenal gland hormones and what are their functions? -
ANSWER ✔ The adrenal cortex—the outer part of the gland—produces
hormones that are vital to life, such as cortisol (which helps regulate
metabolism and helps your body respond to stress) and aldosterone (which
helps control blood pressure)
20.What are the thyroid gland hormones and what are their functions? -
ANSWER ✔ The function of the thyroid gland is to take iodine, found in
many foods, and convert it into thyroid hormones: thyroxine and
triiodothyronine
, 21.Describe the autonomic nervous system - ANSWER ✔ The autonomic
nervous system is the motor subdivision of the parasympathetic nervous
system that controls body activities automatically. The ANS is composed of
a specialized group of neurons that regulate the cardiac muscle, smooth
muscles, and gland. The relative stability of the body is due to the ANS.
22.What are spinal reflexes? - ANSWER ✔ simple pathways in the nervous
system that rapidly generate muscle contractions
23.Explain the functions of the spinal cord - ANSWER ✔ Its three major roles
are to relay messages from the brain to different parts of the body, to
perform an action, to pass along messages from sensory receptors to the
brain, and to coordinate reflexes that are managed by the spinal cord alone
24.What is the nerve cell structure? - ANSWER ✔ Each neuron contains a
nerve cell body with a nucleus and organelles such as mitochondria,
endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus. Branching off the nerve cell
body are the dendrites, which act like tiny antennae picking up signals from
other cells
25.Explain the resting and action potential of nerves - ANSWER ✔ The resting
potential tells about what happens when a neuron is at rest. An action
potential occurs when a neuron sends information down an axon, away from
the cell body. ... When the depolarization reaches about -55 mV a neuron
will fire an action potential
26.Explain the structure of the human eye - ANSWER ✔
27.What is the mechanism of vision? - ANSWER ✔ The light rays emitted by
various objects are captured by eyes and then send inwards. The light rays
Biology EXAM STUDY GUIDE
2026/2027 COMPLETE QUESTIONS
WITH VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS ||
100% GUARANTEED PASS
<NEWEST VERSION>
1. What are carbohydrates and lipids? - ANSWER ✔ Organic compounds that
are mostly composed of three types of atom; carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
2. What do carbohydrates do? - ANSWER ✔ provide energy, in the form of
sugars like glucose and fructose, but they also make up structures like
cellulose, which form the cell wall of plant cells
3. What type of carbohydrate is the most important source of energy? -
ANSWER ✔ mono-, di- and poly-saccharides
4. What are mono and disaccharides? - ANSWER ✔ polar and soluble in water
5. What are polysaccharides? - ANSWER ✔ Macromolecules resulting from
polymerisation (condensation) of sugars and are not soluble in water
6. Examples of monosaccharides - ANSWER ✔ ribose, glucose, fructose,
galactose
,7. What forms a disaccharide? - ANSWER ✔ two monosaccharides linked
together by condensation reactions with glycosidic bonds releasing one H2O
molecule
8. What are muscles? - ANSWER ✔ tissues or fibers that cause movement of
body parts and organs
9. Structure of muscles - ANSWER ✔ each muscle fiber contains many
microfibrils
10.each divided along its length into repeating units called sacromeres
11.General definition of joints - ANSWER ✔ Areas where two or more bones
join together
12.Describe muscle contraction - ANSWER ✔ Muscle contraction Is caused by
interactions of thick and thin filaments
Thin filament (actin) is attached to Z line
Thick filaments (myosin) is
"hanging" in the middle
When myosin attaches
to actin it pulls strings
of actin toward each
other
13.Parts of the male reproductive system - ANSWER ✔
14.Parts of the female reproductive system - ANSWER ✔
,15.Describe the ovarian cycle - ANSWER ✔ Eggs are formed through meiosis
in ovaries
1 matures enough to be released into fallopian tubes (halfway through
monthly cycle)
Corpus luteum where egg used to be disintegrates unless fertilized
16.What causes ovulation? - ANSWER ✔ surge of LH
17.What causes menstruation? - ANSWER ✔ drop in estrogen and
progesterone
18.What are the pituitary gland hormones and what are their functions? -
ANSWER ✔ The pituitary gland is about the size of a pea. It is located in
the brain, and sits just behind the bridge of the nose. The pituitary gland is
called the master gland of the endocrine system. This is because it controls
many other hormone glands in the body
19.What are the adrenal gland hormones and what are their functions? -
ANSWER ✔ The adrenal cortex—the outer part of the gland—produces
hormones that are vital to life, such as cortisol (which helps regulate
metabolism and helps your body respond to stress) and aldosterone (which
helps control blood pressure)
20.What are the thyroid gland hormones and what are their functions? -
ANSWER ✔ The function of the thyroid gland is to take iodine, found in
many foods, and convert it into thyroid hormones: thyroxine and
triiodothyronine
, 21.Describe the autonomic nervous system - ANSWER ✔ The autonomic
nervous system is the motor subdivision of the parasympathetic nervous
system that controls body activities automatically. The ANS is composed of
a specialized group of neurons that regulate the cardiac muscle, smooth
muscles, and gland. The relative stability of the body is due to the ANS.
22.What are spinal reflexes? - ANSWER ✔ simple pathways in the nervous
system that rapidly generate muscle contractions
23.Explain the functions of the spinal cord - ANSWER ✔ Its three major roles
are to relay messages from the brain to different parts of the body, to
perform an action, to pass along messages from sensory receptors to the
brain, and to coordinate reflexes that are managed by the spinal cord alone
24.What is the nerve cell structure? - ANSWER ✔ Each neuron contains a
nerve cell body with a nucleus and organelles such as mitochondria,
endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus. Branching off the nerve cell
body are the dendrites, which act like tiny antennae picking up signals from
other cells
25.Explain the resting and action potential of nerves - ANSWER ✔ The resting
potential tells about what happens when a neuron is at rest. An action
potential occurs when a neuron sends information down an axon, away from
the cell body. ... When the depolarization reaches about -55 mV a neuron
will fire an action potential
26.Explain the structure of the human eye - ANSWER ✔
27.What is the mechanism of vision? - ANSWER ✔ The light rays emitted by
various objects are captured by eyes and then send inwards. The light rays
