Exam 2: NUR208 / NUR 208 Mental Health Nursing
|| Actual Questions and Answers Latest Updated
(Graded A+)- Fortis
1. Which of the following best describes the ethical concept of values?
A. Values are an individual's feelings about situations.
B. Values are learned through family systems.
C. Values are organized ways of thinking about the meaning of life.
D. Values determine the rightness or wrongness of behavior.
Correct Answer: A. Values are an individual's feelings about situations.
Rationale:
Values are deeply held personal beliefs and feelings that influence attitudes, choices, and
behaviors. While values may be shaped by family and culture (option B), their defining feature is
that they represent what an individual considers important. They differ from ethics, which
determine rightness or wrongness (option D). In nursing, recognizing personal values is essential
to avoid value imposition during patient care.
2. Which of the following best describes intrinsic values?
A. Intrinsic values are often abstract ideas.
B. Intrinsic values are basic needs for sustaining life.
C. Intrinsic values are qualities patients consider to be important in their private lives.
D. Intrinsic values are qualities patients consider important for nurses to have.
Correct Answer: B. Intrinsic values are basic needs for sustaining life.
Rationale:
Intrinsic values are those that are valuable in and of themselves. In healthcare ethics, life,
health, and safety are considered intrinsic because they are fundamental for human existence.
These are contrasted with extrinsic values, which are valued as a means to achieve something
else (e.g., money, status).
,3. Values are learned through which of the following methods?
A. Reading books
B. Formal degrees
C. Continuous reinforcement
D. Meeting diverse individuals
Correct Answer: C. Continuous reinforcement
Rationale:
Values are internalized through repeated reinforcement by family, culture, religion, peers, and
society. Although education and exposure to diversity may influence values, the primary
mechanism for value formation is ongoing reinforcement over time.
4. Which of the following statements about ethical principles and laws is true?
A. The government holds the power to enforce ethics.
B. Laws provide standards that assist in decision making.
C. Ethics are very specific.
D. As a standard for measuring actions, ethical principles may be the basis for laws.
Correct Answer: D. As a standard for measuring actions, ethical principles may be the basis for
laws.
Rationale:
Ethical principles such as autonomy and justice often serve as the moral foundation upon which
laws are developed. While governments enforce laws, they do not enforce ethics. Ethics are
broader and less specific than statutory laws but guide the creation of legal standards.
5. A registered nurse (RN) is caring for a patient who is one of Jehovah's Witnesses and has
refused a blood transfusion even though her hemoglobin is dangerously low... Which ethical
principle is demonstrated?
A. Autonomy
B. Nonmaleficence
C. Beneficence
D. Distributive justice
Correct Answer: A. Autonomy
, Rationale:
Autonomy refers to the patient’s right to make informed decisions regarding their own care,
even if those decisions conflict with medical advice. After receiving full disclosure of risks and
benefits, the competent patient has the legal and ethical right to refuse treatment.
6. An RN is asked about a hospitalized state senator’s condition. Which ethical principle
applies?
A. Fidelity
B. Confidentiality
C. Veracity
D. Accountability
Correct Answer: B. Confidentiality
Rationale:
Confidentiality requires nurses to protect private patient information. Disclosure without
consent violates ethical standards and federal law under the Health Insurance Portability and
Accountability Act (HIPAA).
7. When considering virtue ethics, which is true?
A. Virtue ethics attributes behaviors to moral rules.
B. Virtue ethics attributes behaviors to knowledge of consequences.
C. Virtue ethics focuses on moral character, rather than rules for behavior.
D. Virtue ethics is a formal statement of rules for behavior.
Correct Answer: C. Virtue ethics focuses on moral character, rather than rules for behavior.
Rationale:
Virtue ethics emphasizes moral character traits such as compassion, honesty, and courage
rather than adherence to rules (deontology) or consequences (utilitarianism). In nursing,
integrity and moral character are central to ethical practice.
8. Which statement is true regarding nursing ethics?
A. Nursing ethics focus on the organizational level at the workplace.
B. Nursing ethics focus on the duties and rules of behavior for professional nurses.
|| Actual Questions and Answers Latest Updated
(Graded A+)- Fortis
1. Which of the following best describes the ethical concept of values?
A. Values are an individual's feelings about situations.
B. Values are learned through family systems.
C. Values are organized ways of thinking about the meaning of life.
D. Values determine the rightness or wrongness of behavior.
Correct Answer: A. Values are an individual's feelings about situations.
Rationale:
Values are deeply held personal beliefs and feelings that influence attitudes, choices, and
behaviors. While values may be shaped by family and culture (option B), their defining feature is
that they represent what an individual considers important. They differ from ethics, which
determine rightness or wrongness (option D). In nursing, recognizing personal values is essential
to avoid value imposition during patient care.
2. Which of the following best describes intrinsic values?
A. Intrinsic values are often abstract ideas.
B. Intrinsic values are basic needs for sustaining life.
C. Intrinsic values are qualities patients consider to be important in their private lives.
D. Intrinsic values are qualities patients consider important for nurses to have.
Correct Answer: B. Intrinsic values are basic needs for sustaining life.
Rationale:
Intrinsic values are those that are valuable in and of themselves. In healthcare ethics, life,
health, and safety are considered intrinsic because they are fundamental for human existence.
These are contrasted with extrinsic values, which are valued as a means to achieve something
else (e.g., money, status).
,3. Values are learned through which of the following methods?
A. Reading books
B. Formal degrees
C. Continuous reinforcement
D. Meeting diverse individuals
Correct Answer: C. Continuous reinforcement
Rationale:
Values are internalized through repeated reinforcement by family, culture, religion, peers, and
society. Although education and exposure to diversity may influence values, the primary
mechanism for value formation is ongoing reinforcement over time.
4. Which of the following statements about ethical principles and laws is true?
A. The government holds the power to enforce ethics.
B. Laws provide standards that assist in decision making.
C. Ethics are very specific.
D. As a standard for measuring actions, ethical principles may be the basis for laws.
Correct Answer: D. As a standard for measuring actions, ethical principles may be the basis for
laws.
Rationale:
Ethical principles such as autonomy and justice often serve as the moral foundation upon which
laws are developed. While governments enforce laws, they do not enforce ethics. Ethics are
broader and less specific than statutory laws but guide the creation of legal standards.
5. A registered nurse (RN) is caring for a patient who is one of Jehovah's Witnesses and has
refused a blood transfusion even though her hemoglobin is dangerously low... Which ethical
principle is demonstrated?
A. Autonomy
B. Nonmaleficence
C. Beneficence
D. Distributive justice
Correct Answer: A. Autonomy
, Rationale:
Autonomy refers to the patient’s right to make informed decisions regarding their own care,
even if those decisions conflict with medical advice. After receiving full disclosure of risks and
benefits, the competent patient has the legal and ethical right to refuse treatment.
6. An RN is asked about a hospitalized state senator’s condition. Which ethical principle
applies?
A. Fidelity
B. Confidentiality
C. Veracity
D. Accountability
Correct Answer: B. Confidentiality
Rationale:
Confidentiality requires nurses to protect private patient information. Disclosure without
consent violates ethical standards and federal law under the Health Insurance Portability and
Accountability Act (HIPAA).
7. When considering virtue ethics, which is true?
A. Virtue ethics attributes behaviors to moral rules.
B. Virtue ethics attributes behaviors to knowledge of consequences.
C. Virtue ethics focuses on moral character, rather than rules for behavior.
D. Virtue ethics is a formal statement of rules for behavior.
Correct Answer: C. Virtue ethics focuses on moral character, rather than rules for behavior.
Rationale:
Virtue ethics emphasizes moral character traits such as compassion, honesty, and courage
rather than adherence to rules (deontology) or consequences (utilitarianism). In nursing,
integrity and moral character are central to ethical practice.
8. Which statement is true regarding nursing ethics?
A. Nursing ethics focus on the organizational level at the workplace.
B. Nursing ethics focus on the duties and rules of behavior for professional nurses.
