GCU A&P HESI EXAM PRACTICE EXAM 2026
WITH 100% ACCURATE ANSWERS
1. Describe the characteristics of an irreversible reaction in terms of
reactants and products.
In an irreversible reaction, reactants and products exist in equal
amounts.
In an irreversible reaction, the reaction can be reversed by
changing temperature.
In an irreversible reaction, products can revert back to reactants
easily.
In an irreversible reaction, the reactants are converted into
products almost completely, with little to no reactants
remaining.
2. Describe the significance of circadian rhythms in regulating bodily
functions.
Circadian rhythms are solely determined by environmental
factors.
Circadian rhythms help regulate sleep-wake cycles and various
physiological processes in the body.
Circadian rhythms are only related to sleep patterns.
Circadian rhythms have no impact on physiological processes.
3. Diffusion is the movement of molecules:
across a selectively permeable membrane
down their concentration gradient
against their concentration gradient
,4. Describe the relationship between elements and atoms in the context of
chemistry.
Elements are pure substances that consist of only one type of
atom.
Elements are composed of multiple types of molecules.
Atoms can be broken down into smaller particles called
elements.
Atoms are made up of elements and can exist independently.
5. Describe the process of diffusion and its significance in biological
systems.
Diffusion requires energy to move molecules against their
concentration gradient.
Diffusion is the active transport of ions across a membrane.
Diffusion is the process of water moving through a selectively
permeable membrane.
Diffusion is the passive movement of molecules from an area
of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration,
which is essential for processes like nutrient absorption and
gas exchange.
6. Describe the role of the brain and spinal cord in the central nervous
system.
The brain processes information and coordinates responses,
while the spinal cord transmits signals between the brain and
the rest of the body.
The brain controls muscle movement and the spinal cord
generates energy.
The brain produces hormones and the spinal cord filters blood.
, The brain stores memories and the spinal cord regulates
digestion.
7. Describe the significance of having 23 pairs of chromosomes in human
cells.
The 23 pairs of chromosomes determine the body's ability to
photosynthesize.
Having 23 pairs of chromosomes is essential for genetic
diversity and proper functioning of the human body.
23 pairs of chromosomes are responsible for muscle contraction.
23 pairs of chromosomes are involved in the production of ATP.
8. Describe the significance of nitrogen in the human body compared to
major elements.
Nitrogen is essential for the formation of amino acids and
nucleotides but is not classified as a major element.
Nitrogen is primarily involved in energy production.
Nitrogen is only found in trace amounts in the body.
Nitrogen is a major element that makes up the majority of body
mass.
9. If a person's circadian rhythm is disrupted, what potential effects might
this have on their health?
It will improve their physical performance.
It will have no effect on their health.
Disruption of circadian rhythm can lead to sleep disorders and
metabolic issues.
It will enhance their cognitive functions.
, 10. If the Islets of Langerhans in the pancreas were damaged, what
physiological condition might result?
Hypoglycemia
Hyperthyroidism
Anemia
Diabetes
11. Which of the following atoms is the most numerous in the body?
Calcium
Chlorine
Nitrogen
Hydrogen
12. Describe the role of oxidative phosphorylation in the process of
glucose breakdown.
Oxidative phosphorylation is a process that occurs in the
cytoplasm and does not involve mitochondria.
Oxidative phosphorylation is the initial step in glucose
breakdown that converts glucose to pyruvate.
Oxidative phosphorylation is the final stage of glucose
breakdown where the majority of ATP is generated through
the electron transport chain.
Oxidative phosphorylation occurs during glycolysis and
produces a small amount of ATP.
13. Describe the role of capillaries in the process of gas exchange within
the human body.
Capillaries connect arteries to veins without any gas exchange.
WITH 100% ACCURATE ANSWERS
1. Describe the characteristics of an irreversible reaction in terms of
reactants and products.
In an irreversible reaction, reactants and products exist in equal
amounts.
In an irreversible reaction, the reaction can be reversed by
changing temperature.
In an irreversible reaction, products can revert back to reactants
easily.
In an irreversible reaction, the reactants are converted into
products almost completely, with little to no reactants
remaining.
2. Describe the significance of circadian rhythms in regulating bodily
functions.
Circadian rhythms are solely determined by environmental
factors.
Circadian rhythms help regulate sleep-wake cycles and various
physiological processes in the body.
Circadian rhythms are only related to sleep patterns.
Circadian rhythms have no impact on physiological processes.
3. Diffusion is the movement of molecules:
across a selectively permeable membrane
down their concentration gradient
against their concentration gradient
,4. Describe the relationship between elements and atoms in the context of
chemistry.
Elements are pure substances that consist of only one type of
atom.
Elements are composed of multiple types of molecules.
Atoms can be broken down into smaller particles called
elements.
Atoms are made up of elements and can exist independently.
5. Describe the process of diffusion and its significance in biological
systems.
Diffusion requires energy to move molecules against their
concentration gradient.
Diffusion is the active transport of ions across a membrane.
Diffusion is the process of water moving through a selectively
permeable membrane.
Diffusion is the passive movement of molecules from an area
of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration,
which is essential for processes like nutrient absorption and
gas exchange.
6. Describe the role of the brain and spinal cord in the central nervous
system.
The brain processes information and coordinates responses,
while the spinal cord transmits signals between the brain and
the rest of the body.
The brain controls muscle movement and the spinal cord
generates energy.
The brain produces hormones and the spinal cord filters blood.
, The brain stores memories and the spinal cord regulates
digestion.
7. Describe the significance of having 23 pairs of chromosomes in human
cells.
The 23 pairs of chromosomes determine the body's ability to
photosynthesize.
Having 23 pairs of chromosomes is essential for genetic
diversity and proper functioning of the human body.
23 pairs of chromosomes are responsible for muscle contraction.
23 pairs of chromosomes are involved in the production of ATP.
8. Describe the significance of nitrogen in the human body compared to
major elements.
Nitrogen is essential for the formation of amino acids and
nucleotides but is not classified as a major element.
Nitrogen is primarily involved in energy production.
Nitrogen is only found in trace amounts in the body.
Nitrogen is a major element that makes up the majority of body
mass.
9. If a person's circadian rhythm is disrupted, what potential effects might
this have on their health?
It will improve their physical performance.
It will have no effect on their health.
Disruption of circadian rhythm can lead to sleep disorders and
metabolic issues.
It will enhance their cognitive functions.
, 10. If the Islets of Langerhans in the pancreas were damaged, what
physiological condition might result?
Hypoglycemia
Hyperthyroidism
Anemia
Diabetes
11. Which of the following atoms is the most numerous in the body?
Calcium
Chlorine
Nitrogen
Hydrogen
12. Describe the role of oxidative phosphorylation in the process of
glucose breakdown.
Oxidative phosphorylation is a process that occurs in the
cytoplasm and does not involve mitochondria.
Oxidative phosphorylation is the initial step in glucose
breakdown that converts glucose to pyruvate.
Oxidative phosphorylation is the final stage of glucose
breakdown where the majority of ATP is generated through
the electron transport chain.
Oxidative phosphorylation occurs during glycolysis and
produces a small amount of ATP.
13. Describe the role of capillaries in the process of gas exchange within
the human body.
Capillaries connect arteries to veins without any gas exchange.
