TOXICOLOGY FINAL EXAM WITH
ACCURATE SOLUTIONS
sets air quality emission standards and identifies "criteria pollutants" - ANSWER-CAA
(Clean Air Act)
objective is to "restore and maintain the integrity of the nations waters" - ANSWER-
CWA (Clean Water Act)
gives the FDA the authority to oversee the safety of the food - ANSWER-FFDCA
(Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetics Act)
requires that pesticides be properly labeled - ANSWER-FIFRA (Federal Insecticide,
Fungicide and Rodenticide Act)
A carbamate insecticide inhibition AChE - ANSWER-AChE inhibitor
A cellular toxins simultaneously causing rapid consumption of oxygen and inhibition of
ATP synthesis - ANSWER-Respiratory Uncoupler
Long-Term exposure to carbon tetrachloride causing massive destruction of liver cells. -
ANSWER-Necrosis
Carbon monoxide irreversibly binding to hemoglobin - ANSWER-Respiratory Blocker
Ethidium bride acting as an intercalating agent - ANSWER-Mutagen
DDT prolonging the opening of sodium ion channels in nerve cells - ANSWER-CNS
Convulsant
Bifenthrin inhibits comodulin - ANSWER-CNS convulsant
fight or flight
Heightened mental alertness, increased metabolic rate, reduced digestion and urinary
functions, increased respiration, elevated heart rate, sweating - ANSWER-Sympathetic
Nervous System
rest and digest
Decreased heart rate and increased salivation, digestion, urination, and defecation -
ANSWER-Parasympathetic Nervous System
, Two Toxin types - ANSWER-1)Agonists
2)Antagonists
activation of response, mimic the action of a given biotic ligand - ANSWER-agonist
inhibition of response, compete with or deactivate the ligand - ANSWER-antagonist
Two main types of ACh receptors - ANSWER-1)Nicotinic
2) Muscarinic
Parasympathetic :
Membrane-bound ligand-gated ion channels on the post-
synaptic cells of nerves, muscles, and many other tissues
• Found throughout central and peripheral nervous systems (neurons, neuromuscular
junctions, outgoing signals in the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems, etc...)
• Activation by ACh, nicotine, and nicotine-like compounds results in stimulation of
target tissue - ANSWER-Nicotinic
Sympathetic:
May be excitatory or inhibitory and act indirectly
(G protein-coupled receptors)
• Depending on receptor sub-type and location, stimulation can induce salivation,
lacrimation, urination, digestion, defecation, decreased heart rate, and other
parasympathetic processes.
• Stimulated by ACh, muscarine, and muscarine- like compounds - ANSWER-
Muscarinic
neurological receptors based on the different neurotransmitters are - ANSWER-Opioids
Principally located in CNS
• Sedative, analgesic, and antidepressant effects, among others
• Ligands are endorphins, endomorphins, etc - ANSWER-Opioid
Naturally occurring nitrogen-containing
compounds
• Produced by many organisms including bacteria, fungi, plants, and animals
• Many are toxic and/or used as medications or recreational drugs - ANSWER-Alkaloids
Major Classes of Systemic Plant and Fungal Toxins - ANSWER-1)alkaloids
2)glycosides
3)proteins and polypeptides
4) alcohols, phenols and ketones
5) mycotoxins
6)allergens
7) oxalates
8) phytotoxins
ACCURATE SOLUTIONS
sets air quality emission standards and identifies "criteria pollutants" - ANSWER-CAA
(Clean Air Act)
objective is to "restore and maintain the integrity of the nations waters" - ANSWER-
CWA (Clean Water Act)
gives the FDA the authority to oversee the safety of the food - ANSWER-FFDCA
(Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetics Act)
requires that pesticides be properly labeled - ANSWER-FIFRA (Federal Insecticide,
Fungicide and Rodenticide Act)
A carbamate insecticide inhibition AChE - ANSWER-AChE inhibitor
A cellular toxins simultaneously causing rapid consumption of oxygen and inhibition of
ATP synthesis - ANSWER-Respiratory Uncoupler
Long-Term exposure to carbon tetrachloride causing massive destruction of liver cells. -
ANSWER-Necrosis
Carbon monoxide irreversibly binding to hemoglobin - ANSWER-Respiratory Blocker
Ethidium bride acting as an intercalating agent - ANSWER-Mutagen
DDT prolonging the opening of sodium ion channels in nerve cells - ANSWER-CNS
Convulsant
Bifenthrin inhibits comodulin - ANSWER-CNS convulsant
fight or flight
Heightened mental alertness, increased metabolic rate, reduced digestion and urinary
functions, increased respiration, elevated heart rate, sweating - ANSWER-Sympathetic
Nervous System
rest and digest
Decreased heart rate and increased salivation, digestion, urination, and defecation -
ANSWER-Parasympathetic Nervous System
, Two Toxin types - ANSWER-1)Agonists
2)Antagonists
activation of response, mimic the action of a given biotic ligand - ANSWER-agonist
inhibition of response, compete with or deactivate the ligand - ANSWER-antagonist
Two main types of ACh receptors - ANSWER-1)Nicotinic
2) Muscarinic
Parasympathetic :
Membrane-bound ligand-gated ion channels on the post-
synaptic cells of nerves, muscles, and many other tissues
• Found throughout central and peripheral nervous systems (neurons, neuromuscular
junctions, outgoing signals in the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems, etc...)
• Activation by ACh, nicotine, and nicotine-like compounds results in stimulation of
target tissue - ANSWER-Nicotinic
Sympathetic:
May be excitatory or inhibitory and act indirectly
(G protein-coupled receptors)
• Depending on receptor sub-type and location, stimulation can induce salivation,
lacrimation, urination, digestion, defecation, decreased heart rate, and other
parasympathetic processes.
• Stimulated by ACh, muscarine, and muscarine- like compounds - ANSWER-
Muscarinic
neurological receptors based on the different neurotransmitters are - ANSWER-Opioids
Principally located in CNS
• Sedative, analgesic, and antidepressant effects, among others
• Ligands are endorphins, endomorphins, etc - ANSWER-Opioid
Naturally occurring nitrogen-containing
compounds
• Produced by many organisms including bacteria, fungi, plants, and animals
• Many are toxic and/or used as medications or recreational drugs - ANSWER-Alkaloids
Major Classes of Systemic Plant and Fungal Toxins - ANSWER-1)alkaloids
2)glycosides
3)proteins and polypeptides
4) alcohols, phenols and ketones
5) mycotoxins
6)allergens
7) oxalates
8) phytotoxins
