BIOS252 EXAM 2 Actual Exam 2026/2027 Complete
Questions and Verified Answers with Detailed
Rationales Anatomy and Physiology II Grade A 100%
Correct Pass Guaranteed - A+ Graded
SECTION 1: ENDOCRINE SYSTEM (Questions 1-20)
Q1: Which hormone is produced by the anterior pituitary gland and stimulates the release of
thyroid hormones?
A. TRH (thyrotropin-releasing hormone)
B. TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) [CORRECT]
C. T3 (triiodothyronine)
D. ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: TSH is produced by the anterior pituitary and stimulates the thyroid gland to produce
and release T3 and T4 (B). TRH (A) is produced by the hypothalamus and stimulates TSH
release. T3 (C) is a thyroid hormone. ACTH (D) stimulates cortisol release.
Q2: Which of the following is a steroid hormone?
A. Insulin
B. Epinephrine
C. Cortisol [CORRECT]
D. Glucagon
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cortisol is a steroid hormone derived from cholesterol, lipid-soluble, and acts via
intracellular receptors to affect gene transcription (C). Insulin (A), epinephrine (B), and glucagon
(D) are non-steroid hormones that act via membrane receptors and second messengers.
Q3: Where are antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin synthesized?
A. Anterior pituitary
B. Posterior pituitary
C. Hypothalamus [CORRECT]
,D. Adrenal medulla
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: ADH and oxytocin are synthesized in the hypothalamus (C) by neurosecretory cells
and then transported to and stored in the posterior pituitary (B) for release. The anterior pituitary
(A) produces different hormones. The adrenal medulla (D) produces catecholamines.
Q4: Which hormone is produced by the parafollicular C cells of the thyroid gland?
A. T3
B. T4
C. Calcitonin [CORRECT]
D. Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Calcitonin is produced by parafollicular C cells of the thyroid gland and helps lower
blood calcium levels (C). T3 (A) and T4 (B) are produced by follicular cells. PTH (D) is
produced by the parathyroid glands.
Q5: Which hormone opposes the action of calcitonin and increases blood calcium levels?
A. Growth hormone
B. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) [CORRECT]
C. Aldosterone
D. Cortisol
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: PTH increases blood calcium levels by stimulating bone resorption, increasing
intestinal calcium absorption, and decreasing renal calcium excretion (B). Calcitonin decreases
blood calcium. GH (A), aldosterone (C), and cortisol (D) do not primarily regulate calcium.
Q6: Which zone of the adrenal cortex produces aldosterone?
A. Zona glomerulosa [CORRECT]
B. Zona fasciculata
C. Zona reticularis
D. Adrenal medulla
Correct Answer: A
, Rationale: The zona glomerulosa (outer zone) produces aldosterone, a mineralocorticoid that
regulates sodium and potassium balance (A). The zona fasciculata (B) produces cortisol. The
zona reticularis (C) produces androgens. The adrenal medulla (D) produces epinephrine and
norepinephrine.
Q7: Which hormone is released by the beta cells of the pancreatic islets?
A. Glucagon
B. Insulin [CORRECT]
C. Somatostatin
D. Pancreatic polypeptide
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Insulin is released by beta cells in response to elevated blood glucose and promotes
glucose uptake by cells (B). Glucagon (A) is released by alpha cells. Somatostatin (C) is released
by delta cells. Pancreatic polypeptide (D) is released by PP cells.
Q8: Which hormone is released in response to low blood glucose and stimulates glycogenolysis?
A. Insulin
B. Glucagon [CORRECT]
C. Cortisol
D. Growth hormone
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Glucagon is released by pancreatic alpha cells in response to low blood glucose and
stimulates glycogen breakdown (glycogenolysis) and glucose release from the liver (B). Insulin
(A) lowers blood glucose. Cortisol (C) and GH (D) have more complex metabolic effects.
Q9: Which hormone is produced by the pineal gland and regulates circadian rhythms?
A. Melatonin [CORRECT]
B. Serotonin
C. Dopamine
D. Oxytocin
Correct Answer: A
Questions and Verified Answers with Detailed
Rationales Anatomy and Physiology II Grade A 100%
Correct Pass Guaranteed - A+ Graded
SECTION 1: ENDOCRINE SYSTEM (Questions 1-20)
Q1: Which hormone is produced by the anterior pituitary gland and stimulates the release of
thyroid hormones?
A. TRH (thyrotropin-releasing hormone)
B. TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) [CORRECT]
C. T3 (triiodothyronine)
D. ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: TSH is produced by the anterior pituitary and stimulates the thyroid gland to produce
and release T3 and T4 (B). TRH (A) is produced by the hypothalamus and stimulates TSH
release. T3 (C) is a thyroid hormone. ACTH (D) stimulates cortisol release.
Q2: Which of the following is a steroid hormone?
A. Insulin
B. Epinephrine
C. Cortisol [CORRECT]
D. Glucagon
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cortisol is a steroid hormone derived from cholesterol, lipid-soluble, and acts via
intracellular receptors to affect gene transcription (C). Insulin (A), epinephrine (B), and glucagon
(D) are non-steroid hormones that act via membrane receptors and second messengers.
Q3: Where are antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin synthesized?
A. Anterior pituitary
B. Posterior pituitary
C. Hypothalamus [CORRECT]
,D. Adrenal medulla
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: ADH and oxytocin are synthesized in the hypothalamus (C) by neurosecretory cells
and then transported to and stored in the posterior pituitary (B) for release. The anterior pituitary
(A) produces different hormones. The adrenal medulla (D) produces catecholamines.
Q4: Which hormone is produced by the parafollicular C cells of the thyroid gland?
A. T3
B. T4
C. Calcitonin [CORRECT]
D. Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Calcitonin is produced by parafollicular C cells of the thyroid gland and helps lower
blood calcium levels (C). T3 (A) and T4 (B) are produced by follicular cells. PTH (D) is
produced by the parathyroid glands.
Q5: Which hormone opposes the action of calcitonin and increases blood calcium levels?
A. Growth hormone
B. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) [CORRECT]
C. Aldosterone
D. Cortisol
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: PTH increases blood calcium levels by stimulating bone resorption, increasing
intestinal calcium absorption, and decreasing renal calcium excretion (B). Calcitonin decreases
blood calcium. GH (A), aldosterone (C), and cortisol (D) do not primarily regulate calcium.
Q6: Which zone of the adrenal cortex produces aldosterone?
A. Zona glomerulosa [CORRECT]
B. Zona fasciculata
C. Zona reticularis
D. Adrenal medulla
Correct Answer: A
, Rationale: The zona glomerulosa (outer zone) produces aldosterone, a mineralocorticoid that
regulates sodium and potassium balance (A). The zona fasciculata (B) produces cortisol. The
zona reticularis (C) produces androgens. The adrenal medulla (D) produces epinephrine and
norepinephrine.
Q7: Which hormone is released by the beta cells of the pancreatic islets?
A. Glucagon
B. Insulin [CORRECT]
C. Somatostatin
D. Pancreatic polypeptide
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Insulin is released by beta cells in response to elevated blood glucose and promotes
glucose uptake by cells (B). Glucagon (A) is released by alpha cells. Somatostatin (C) is released
by delta cells. Pancreatic polypeptide (D) is released by PP cells.
Q8: Which hormone is released in response to low blood glucose and stimulates glycogenolysis?
A. Insulin
B. Glucagon [CORRECT]
C. Cortisol
D. Growth hormone
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Glucagon is released by pancreatic alpha cells in response to low blood glucose and
stimulates glycogen breakdown (glycogenolysis) and glucose release from the liver (B). Insulin
(A) lowers blood glucose. Cortisol (C) and GH (D) have more complex metabolic effects.
Q9: Which hormone is produced by the pineal gland and regulates circadian rhythms?
A. Melatonin [CORRECT]
B. Serotonin
C. Dopamine
D. Oxytocin
Correct Answer: A
