Community Health Exam 1 Study Guide: Definitions and Core Concepts of Public Health and Community Health; 3 Core Functions (Assessment, Policy Development, Assurance); Levels of Prevention (Primary, Secondary, Tertiary); Upstream vs. Downstream Interventi

Community Health Exam 1 Study Guide: Definitions and Core Concepts of Public Health and Community Health; 3 Core Functions (Assessment, Policy Development, Assurance); Levels of Prevention (Primary, Secondary, Tertiary); Upstream vs. Downstream Interventions; Microscopic and Macroscopic Theories Including Orem’s Self-Care Theory, Health Belief Model, Pender’s Health Promotion Model, Transtheoretical Model, and Milio’s Framework for Prevention; Principles of Market Justice and Social Justice; Health Promotion and Protection Strategies; Case Management, Care Management, Care Coordination, and Transitional Care Management; School Health Components and Nurse Roles; Occupational Therapy and Workplace Safety Laws (OSHA, Workers’ Compensation, ADA); Forensic Nursing Roles Exam Questions Verified and Provided with Complete A+ Graded Rationales LATEST UPDATED 2026 public health definition complete physical, mental, and social-well being public health focus "art and science" of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting health 3 core functions of public health? 1. assessment: community health surveys (monitor disease rates) 2. policy development: vaccination mandates, nutrition guidelines 3. assurance: availability of necessary health services primary prevention prevention before disease occurs (immunizations, education) secondary prevention early detection of disease for intervention (screenings, BP checks) tertiary prevention reduce complications, chronic disease management (rehab, physical therapy) what is public health? prevention-oriented, protecting health of overall populations what is community health? care is directed to individuals, families, groups; individual-focused (acute/chronic care) upstream interventions addresses root causes (policies, housing, environment); population-level prevention downstream interventions individual behavior change (treatment/diagnosis, education); individual treatment upstream interventions for obese client health policy changes, school program lunch modifications downstream interventions for obese client individual strategies to reduce weight, personal lifestyle changes microscopic theories apply to individual behavior macroscopic theories apply to populations what are microscopic theories Orem's theory, Health Belief Model, Pender's Health Promotion model, transtheoretical macroscopic theory Milio's Framework for Prevention Orem's Theory "nursing is needed when someone cannot meet their own needs"; nurses helping the elderly health belief model individual perceptions and decision-making; involves risks/benefits Pender's Health Promotion Model motivation to engage in healthy behaviors; "encouraging lifestyle change", "promotes wellness, not disease treatment" transtheoretical readiness to change behavior; "thinking about quitting", "not ready yet" Milio's framework for prevention policy-level determinants that shape health choices (tobacco taxes, improving access to healthy foods" market justice people get health care based on what they can pay for or earn social justice health care is a basic right; society shares responsibility health promotion encouraging healthy lifestyles (exercise, nutrition) health protection preventing disease/injury (seatbelts, immunizations)