PHILIPPINE NURSING LICENSURE EXAM PNLE TEST BANK NURSING PRACTICE I COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING
100 QUESTIONS WITH ALL CORRECT ANSWERS AND RETIONALES
Fundamentals of Community Health Nursing
Which level of prevention is exemplified by a community health nurse providing
immunization to children in a barangay?
A. Primary prevention
B. Secondary prevention
C. Tertiary prevention
D. Quaternary prevention
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Primary prevention focuses on preventing disease before it
occurs through measures such as immunization, health education, and environmental sanitation.
Secondary prevention involves early detection and prompt treatment. Tertiary prevention aims
to reduce complications and disabilities. Quaternary prevention refers to avoiding unnecessary
medical interventions.
A nurse is conducting a community health needs assessment. Which of the following data
collection methods would best capture the community's perceived health needs?
A. Review of hospital records
B. Focus group discussions
C. Analysis of mortality statistics
D. Observation of community infrastructure
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Focus group discussions directly engage community
members to express their perceived health needs and priorities. Hospital records A) provide
information about treated conditions but not perceived needs. Mortality statistics C) show
causes of death but not perceived needs. Observational assessment D) provides objective data
about the environment but not community perspectives.
Which of the following community organizing approaches emphasizes community
empowerment and collective action to address social determinants of health?
A. Medical model
B. Social action model
C. Locality development model
D. Planning model
Rationale: The correct answer is B. The social action model emphasizes community
empowerment and collective action to address social inequities and determinants of health. The
medical model A) focuses on curative approaches. The locality development model C) builds
,PHILIPPINE NURSING LICENSURE EXAM PNLE TEST BANK NURSING PRACTICE I COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING
100 QUESTIONS WITH ALL CORRECT ANSWERS AND RETIONALES
community capacity but doesn't necessarily focus on social determinants. The planning model
D) emphasizes systematic program development.
A nurse working in a rural community notices increasing cases of malnutrition among
children. Which of the following interventions demonstrates the PRIMARY HEALTH CARE
principle of appropriate technology?
A. Referring all cases to the tertiary hospital
B. Teaching mothers to prepare nutritious meals using locally available foods
C. Advocating for imported food supplements
D. Implementing a complex nutritional assessment protocol
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Appropriate technology in primary health care involves using
methods that are practical, acceptable, and affordable within local contexts—such as utilizing
locally available foods. Options A and C rely on external resources rather than building local
capacity. Option D introduces unnecessary complexity.
Which of the following statements correctly describes the concept of community as partner
in health care?
A. The community passively receives health services
B. The community participates in identifying problems and developing solutions
C. Health professionals make all decisions regarding community health
D. Community members follow instructions from health professionals
Rationale: The correct answer is B. The community-as-partner model views the community as
an active participant in identifying health issues and developing solutions, not as passive
recipients A . Options C and D describe authoritative approaches that do not recognize
community partnership and autonomy.
Epidemiology and Public Health
A community health nurse is investigating a sudden increase in diarrheal cases in a
community. This represents which type of epidemiologic study?
A. Case-control study
B. Cohort study
C. Cross-sectional study
D. Outbreak investigation
Rationale: The correct answer is D. An outbreak investigation examines a sudden increase in
disease occurrence above expected levels. A case-control study A) compares individuals with
a condition to those without it. A cohort study B) follows groups over time to determine disease
development. A cross-sectional study C) examines prevalence at a specific point in time.
Which of the following best describes the concept of herd immunity?
A. Individual immunity against disease
B. Immunity developed through vaccination
,PHILIPPINE NURSING LICENSURE EXAM PNLE TEST BANK NURSING PRACTICE I COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING
100 QUESTIONS WITH ALL CORRECT ANSWERS AND RETIONALES
C. Protection of susceptible individuals when a large portion of the population is immune
D. Immunity transferred from mother to infant
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Herd immunity occurs when a significant portion of a
population becomes immune to a disease, thereby providing indirect protection to those who are
, PHILIPPINE NURSING LICENSURE EXAM PNLE TEST BANK NURSING PRACTICE I COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING
100 QUESTIONS WITH ALL CORRECT ANSWERS AND RETIONALES
not immune. Individual immunity A) refers to a single person's resistance. Option B describes
active immunity. Option D describes passive immunity.
In calculating the infant mortality rate of a municipality, which formula is correct?
A. Number of infant deaths / Number of live births) × 1,000
B. Number of infant deaths / Total population) × 1,000
C. Number of infant deaths / Number of children under 5 × 1,000
D. Number of infant deaths / Number of pregnant women) × 1,000
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Infant mortality rate is calculated by dividing the number of
deaths of infants under one year old by the number of live births in the same year, multiplied by
1,000. Options B, C, and D use incorrect denominators, which would result in different rates.
A nurse is analyzing disease patterns in a community and notes that dengue fever occurs
year after year with higher cases during rainy seasons. This pattern is best described as:
A. Epidemic
B. Pandemic
C. Endemic with seasonal variation
D. Sporadic
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Endemic with seasonal variation describes a disease that is
constantly present in a population but shows predictable increases during certain seasons. An
epidemic A) is a sudden increase above expected levels. A pandemic B) involves multiple
countries or continents. Sporadic cases D) occur irregularly and infrequently.
When analyzing the link between smoking and lung cancer, which type of epidemiologic
association is being studied?
A. Direct causation
B. Risk factor association
C. Coincidental relationship
D. Reverse causality
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Smoking is a risk factor that increases the probability of
developing lung cancer, but it's not a direct 100% causative agent A . The relationship is not
coincidental C) as it has been established through numerous studies. Reverse causality D)
would imply lung cancer causes smoking, which is incorrect.
Environmental Health
Which of the following is the primary purpose of proper waste segregation in communities?
A. To generate income for waste collectors
B. To reduce waste volume and facilitate recycling
C. To comply with government regulations only
D. To create jobs in the waste management sector
Rationale: The correct answer is B. The primary purpose of waste segregation is to reduce the
100 QUESTIONS WITH ALL CORRECT ANSWERS AND RETIONALES
Fundamentals of Community Health Nursing
Which level of prevention is exemplified by a community health nurse providing
immunization to children in a barangay?
A. Primary prevention
B. Secondary prevention
C. Tertiary prevention
D. Quaternary prevention
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Primary prevention focuses on preventing disease before it
occurs through measures such as immunization, health education, and environmental sanitation.
Secondary prevention involves early detection and prompt treatment. Tertiary prevention aims
to reduce complications and disabilities. Quaternary prevention refers to avoiding unnecessary
medical interventions.
A nurse is conducting a community health needs assessment. Which of the following data
collection methods would best capture the community's perceived health needs?
A. Review of hospital records
B. Focus group discussions
C. Analysis of mortality statistics
D. Observation of community infrastructure
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Focus group discussions directly engage community
members to express their perceived health needs and priorities. Hospital records A) provide
information about treated conditions but not perceived needs. Mortality statistics C) show
causes of death but not perceived needs. Observational assessment D) provides objective data
about the environment but not community perspectives.
Which of the following community organizing approaches emphasizes community
empowerment and collective action to address social determinants of health?
A. Medical model
B. Social action model
C. Locality development model
D. Planning model
Rationale: The correct answer is B. The social action model emphasizes community
empowerment and collective action to address social inequities and determinants of health. The
medical model A) focuses on curative approaches. The locality development model C) builds
,PHILIPPINE NURSING LICENSURE EXAM PNLE TEST BANK NURSING PRACTICE I COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING
100 QUESTIONS WITH ALL CORRECT ANSWERS AND RETIONALES
community capacity but doesn't necessarily focus on social determinants. The planning model
D) emphasizes systematic program development.
A nurse working in a rural community notices increasing cases of malnutrition among
children. Which of the following interventions demonstrates the PRIMARY HEALTH CARE
principle of appropriate technology?
A. Referring all cases to the tertiary hospital
B. Teaching mothers to prepare nutritious meals using locally available foods
C. Advocating for imported food supplements
D. Implementing a complex nutritional assessment protocol
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Appropriate technology in primary health care involves using
methods that are practical, acceptable, and affordable within local contexts—such as utilizing
locally available foods. Options A and C rely on external resources rather than building local
capacity. Option D introduces unnecessary complexity.
Which of the following statements correctly describes the concept of community as partner
in health care?
A. The community passively receives health services
B. The community participates in identifying problems and developing solutions
C. Health professionals make all decisions regarding community health
D. Community members follow instructions from health professionals
Rationale: The correct answer is B. The community-as-partner model views the community as
an active participant in identifying health issues and developing solutions, not as passive
recipients A . Options C and D describe authoritative approaches that do not recognize
community partnership and autonomy.
Epidemiology and Public Health
A community health nurse is investigating a sudden increase in diarrheal cases in a
community. This represents which type of epidemiologic study?
A. Case-control study
B. Cohort study
C. Cross-sectional study
D. Outbreak investigation
Rationale: The correct answer is D. An outbreak investigation examines a sudden increase in
disease occurrence above expected levels. A case-control study A) compares individuals with
a condition to those without it. A cohort study B) follows groups over time to determine disease
development. A cross-sectional study C) examines prevalence at a specific point in time.
Which of the following best describes the concept of herd immunity?
A. Individual immunity against disease
B. Immunity developed through vaccination
,PHILIPPINE NURSING LICENSURE EXAM PNLE TEST BANK NURSING PRACTICE I COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING
100 QUESTIONS WITH ALL CORRECT ANSWERS AND RETIONALES
C. Protection of susceptible individuals when a large portion of the population is immune
D. Immunity transferred from mother to infant
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Herd immunity occurs when a significant portion of a
population becomes immune to a disease, thereby providing indirect protection to those who are
, PHILIPPINE NURSING LICENSURE EXAM PNLE TEST BANK NURSING PRACTICE I COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING
100 QUESTIONS WITH ALL CORRECT ANSWERS AND RETIONALES
not immune. Individual immunity A) refers to a single person's resistance. Option B describes
active immunity. Option D describes passive immunity.
In calculating the infant mortality rate of a municipality, which formula is correct?
A. Number of infant deaths / Number of live births) × 1,000
B. Number of infant deaths / Total population) × 1,000
C. Number of infant deaths / Number of children under 5 × 1,000
D. Number of infant deaths / Number of pregnant women) × 1,000
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Infant mortality rate is calculated by dividing the number of
deaths of infants under one year old by the number of live births in the same year, multiplied by
1,000. Options B, C, and D use incorrect denominators, which would result in different rates.
A nurse is analyzing disease patterns in a community and notes that dengue fever occurs
year after year with higher cases during rainy seasons. This pattern is best described as:
A. Epidemic
B. Pandemic
C. Endemic with seasonal variation
D. Sporadic
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Endemic with seasonal variation describes a disease that is
constantly present in a population but shows predictable increases during certain seasons. An
epidemic A) is a sudden increase above expected levels. A pandemic B) involves multiple
countries or continents. Sporadic cases D) occur irregularly and infrequently.
When analyzing the link between smoking and lung cancer, which type of epidemiologic
association is being studied?
A. Direct causation
B. Risk factor association
C. Coincidental relationship
D. Reverse causality
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Smoking is a risk factor that increases the probability of
developing lung cancer, but it's not a direct 100% causative agent A . The relationship is not
coincidental C) as it has been established through numerous studies. Reverse causality D)
would imply lung cancer causes smoking, which is incorrect.
Environmental Health
Which of the following is the primary purpose of proper waste segregation in communities?
A. To generate income for waste collectors
B. To reduce waste volume and facilitate recycling
C. To comply with government regulations only
D. To create jobs in the waste management sector
Rationale: The correct answer is B. The primary purpose of waste segregation is to reduce the
