AP Psychology Memory Study Guide Complete Review
memory - -the persistence of learning over
time through the storage and retrieval of information. rehearsal - -the conscious repetition of
information, either to maintain it in consciousness or
to encode it for storage.
encoding - -the processing of information into
the memory system—for example, by extracting
meaning. spacing effect - -the tendency for distributed
study or practice to yield better long-term retention
than is achieved through massed study or practice.
storage - -the retention of encoded information
over time.
serial position effect - -our tendency to recall
best the last and first items in a list.
retrieval - -the process of getting information
out of memory storage.
visual encoding - -the encoding of picture
images.
sensory memory - -the immediate, very brief
recording of sensory information in the memory
system. acoustic encoding - -the encoding of sound,
especially the sound of words.
short-term memory - -activated memory that
holds a few items briefly, such as the seven digits of semantic encoding - -the encoding of meaning,
a phone number while dialing, before the information including the meaning of words.
is stored or forgotten.
imagery - -mental pictures; a powerful aid to
long-term memory - -the relatively permanent effortful processing, especially when combined with
and limitless storehouse of the memory system. semantic encoding.
Includes knowledge, skills, and experiences.
mnemonics - -memory aids, especially those
working memory - -a newer understanding of techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational
short-term memory that focuses on conscious, active devices.
processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial
information, and of information retrieved from long-
term memory. chunking - -organizing items into familiar,
manageable units in STM because space is limited to
7 bits. This increasing the efficiency of STM.
automatic processing - -unconscious encoding
of incidental information, such as space, time, and
frequency, and of well-learned information, such as iconic memory - -a momentary sensory
word meanings. memory of visual stimuli; a photographic or picture-
image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a
second.
effortful processing - -encoding that requires
attention and conscious effort.
echoic memory - -A momentary sensory
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memory - -the persistence of learning over
time through the storage and retrieval of information. rehearsal - -the conscious repetition of
information, either to maintain it in consciousness or
to encode it for storage.
encoding - -the processing of information into
the memory system—for example, by extracting
meaning. spacing effect - -the tendency for distributed
study or practice to yield better long-term retention
than is achieved through massed study or practice.
storage - -the retention of encoded information
over time.
serial position effect - -our tendency to recall
best the last and first items in a list.
retrieval - -the process of getting information
out of memory storage.
visual encoding - -the encoding of picture
images.
sensory memory - -the immediate, very brief
recording of sensory information in the memory
system. acoustic encoding - -the encoding of sound,
especially the sound of words.
short-term memory - -activated memory that
holds a few items briefly, such as the seven digits of semantic encoding - -the encoding of meaning,
a phone number while dialing, before the information including the meaning of words.
is stored or forgotten.
imagery - -mental pictures; a powerful aid to
long-term memory - -the relatively permanent effortful processing, especially when combined with
and limitless storehouse of the memory system. semantic encoding.
Includes knowledge, skills, and experiences.
mnemonics - -memory aids, especially those
working memory - -a newer understanding of techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational
short-term memory that focuses on conscious, active devices.
processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial
information, and of information retrieved from long-
term memory. chunking - -organizing items into familiar,
manageable units in STM because space is limited to
7 bits. This increasing the efficiency of STM.
automatic processing - -unconscious encoding
of incidental information, such as space, time, and
frequency, and of well-learned information, such as iconic memory - -a momentary sensory
word meanings. memory of visual stimuli; a photographic or picture-
image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a
second.
effortful processing - -encoding that requires
attention and conscious effort.
echoic memory - -A momentary sensory
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