BIOD 152: Module 4 Exam Portage Learning Questions and
Answers 2026 Practice Set
BIOD 152: Module 4 Blood & Cardiovascular Test Bank
1. Which component makes up the largest percentage of whole blood?
A. Erythrocytes
B. Leukocytes
C. Plasma
D. Platelets
Answer: C
Rationale: Plasma typically accounts for about 55% of total blood volume, while formed
elements make up the remaining 45%.
2. What is the primary function of Erythrocytes (Red Blood Cells)?
A. Fighting infection
B. Blood clotting
C. Transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide
D. Producing antibodies
Answer: C
Rationale: Erythrocytes are packed with hemoglobin, the protein responsible for binding
and carrying respiratory gases.
3. A "Hematocrit" measures the percentage of which blood component?
A. White blood cells
B. Plasma proteins
C. Platelets
D. Red blood cells
Answer: D
Rationale: The hematocrit is the volume of packed red cells in a blood sample; normal
values are roughly 45%.
4. Which plasma protein is essential for maintaining osmotic pressure and blood
volume?
A. Fibrinogen
B. Albumin
,C. Gamma globulin
D. Prothrombin
Answer: B
Rationale: Albumin is the most abundant plasma protein and exerts the osmotic
pressure required to keep water inside the blood vessels.
5. Which leukocyte is the most numerous and acts as the "first responder" to
bacterial infections?
A. Lymphocyte
B. Monocyte
C. Neutrophil
D. Eosinophil
Answer: C
Rationale: Neutrophils make up 50-70% of WBCs and use phagocytosis to destroy
bacteria.
6. "Hematopoiesis" (blood cell formation) occurs primarily in the:
A. Yellow bone marrow
B. Red bone marrow
C. Liver
D. Spleen
Answer: B
Rationale: In adults, red bone marrow in the axial skeleton and proximal epiphyses of
the femur/humerus is the site of blood cell production.
7. Which hormone, produced by the kidneys, stimulates the production of RBCs?
A. Renin
B. Erythropoietin (EPO)
C. Aldosterone
D. Thrombopoietin
Answer: B
Rationale: EPO is released in response to hypoxia (low oxygen) to increase the oxygen-
carrying capacity of the blood.
8. "Hemostasis" refers to which process?
A. The breakdown of red blood cells
B. The maintenance of stable body temperature
C. The stoppage of bleeding
D. The circulation of lymph
Answer: C
, Rationale: Hemostasis involves vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, and
coagulation to prevent blood loss.
9. What is the correct sequence of the three stages of hemostasis?
A. Coagulation, Vascular Spasm, Platelet Plug
B. Platelet Plug, Coagulation, Vascular Spasm
C. Vascular Spasm, Platelet Plug, Coagulation
D. Vascular Spasm, Coagulation, Platelet Plug
Answer: C
Rationale: Vasoconstriction happens immediately, followed by the temporary plug, and
finally the permanent fibrin clot.
10. Which vitamin is strictly required for the synthesis of many clotting factors by
the liver?
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin C
C. Vitamin D
D. Vitamin K
Answer: D
Rationale: Vitamin K is a necessary co-factor for the production of factors II, VII, IX, and
X.
11. A person with Type A blood has:
A. A antigens and anti-B antibodies
B. B antigens and anti-A antibodies
C. A and B antigens and no antibodies
D. No antigens and both anti-A and anti-B antibodies
Answer: A
Rationale: Blood type is determined by the surface antigens; the plasma contains
antibodies against the antigens not present on the cells.
12. Which blood type is considered the "Universal Donor"?
A. AB positive
B. O positive
C. O negative
D. AB negative
Answer: C
Rationale: Type O- lacks A, B, and Rh antigens, meaning it will not trigger an immune
response in any recipient.
Answers 2026 Practice Set
BIOD 152: Module 4 Blood & Cardiovascular Test Bank
1. Which component makes up the largest percentage of whole blood?
A. Erythrocytes
B. Leukocytes
C. Plasma
D. Platelets
Answer: C
Rationale: Plasma typically accounts for about 55% of total blood volume, while formed
elements make up the remaining 45%.
2. What is the primary function of Erythrocytes (Red Blood Cells)?
A. Fighting infection
B. Blood clotting
C. Transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide
D. Producing antibodies
Answer: C
Rationale: Erythrocytes are packed with hemoglobin, the protein responsible for binding
and carrying respiratory gases.
3. A "Hematocrit" measures the percentage of which blood component?
A. White blood cells
B. Plasma proteins
C. Platelets
D. Red blood cells
Answer: D
Rationale: The hematocrit is the volume of packed red cells in a blood sample; normal
values are roughly 45%.
4. Which plasma protein is essential for maintaining osmotic pressure and blood
volume?
A. Fibrinogen
B. Albumin
,C. Gamma globulin
D. Prothrombin
Answer: B
Rationale: Albumin is the most abundant plasma protein and exerts the osmotic
pressure required to keep water inside the blood vessels.
5. Which leukocyte is the most numerous and acts as the "first responder" to
bacterial infections?
A. Lymphocyte
B. Monocyte
C. Neutrophil
D. Eosinophil
Answer: C
Rationale: Neutrophils make up 50-70% of WBCs and use phagocytosis to destroy
bacteria.
6. "Hematopoiesis" (blood cell formation) occurs primarily in the:
A. Yellow bone marrow
B. Red bone marrow
C. Liver
D. Spleen
Answer: B
Rationale: In adults, red bone marrow in the axial skeleton and proximal epiphyses of
the femur/humerus is the site of blood cell production.
7. Which hormone, produced by the kidneys, stimulates the production of RBCs?
A. Renin
B. Erythropoietin (EPO)
C. Aldosterone
D. Thrombopoietin
Answer: B
Rationale: EPO is released in response to hypoxia (low oxygen) to increase the oxygen-
carrying capacity of the blood.
8. "Hemostasis" refers to which process?
A. The breakdown of red blood cells
B. The maintenance of stable body temperature
C. The stoppage of bleeding
D. The circulation of lymph
Answer: C
, Rationale: Hemostasis involves vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, and
coagulation to prevent blood loss.
9. What is the correct sequence of the three stages of hemostasis?
A. Coagulation, Vascular Spasm, Platelet Plug
B. Platelet Plug, Coagulation, Vascular Spasm
C. Vascular Spasm, Platelet Plug, Coagulation
D. Vascular Spasm, Coagulation, Platelet Plug
Answer: C
Rationale: Vasoconstriction happens immediately, followed by the temporary plug, and
finally the permanent fibrin clot.
10. Which vitamin is strictly required for the synthesis of many clotting factors by
the liver?
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin C
C. Vitamin D
D. Vitamin K
Answer: D
Rationale: Vitamin K is a necessary co-factor for the production of factors II, VII, IX, and
X.
11. A person with Type A blood has:
A. A antigens and anti-B antibodies
B. B antigens and anti-A antibodies
C. A and B antigens and no antibodies
D. No antigens and both anti-A and anti-B antibodies
Answer: A
Rationale: Blood type is determined by the surface antigens; the plasma contains
antibodies against the antigens not present on the cells.
12. Which blood type is considered the "Universal Donor"?
A. AB positive
B. O positive
C. O negative
D. AB negative
Answer: C
Rationale: Type O- lacks A, B, and Rh antigens, meaning it will not trigger an immune
response in any recipient.
