RASMUSSEN PATHO FINAL
EXAM LATEST AND
COMPLETE VERSION 2026
WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS
ALREADY GRADED A+
"Gomerulonephritis - CORRECT ANSWER=> Inflammation of the glomeruli within the kidney.
Immune-mediated conditions that produce IgA Nephropathy, Berger's Disease: These are the
most commonly diagnosed
What will be spilling into the urine? PROTEIN!
Characterized by abrupt onset of hematuria, proteinuria, oliguria, edema, and hypertension
Staph infection associated with glomerulonephritis"
"Type I Diabetes - CORRECT ANSWER=> *Makes NO insulin. It is characterized by the destruction
of B cells of the pancreas. It affects children and adolescents.
HYPERGLYCEMIA"
"Type II Diabetes - CORRECT ANSWER=> *Insulin Resistant and is the most common type of
diabetes. What is resistant to the insulin? CELLS and PERIPHERAL TISSUE.
Risks include: Obesity, Aging, Sedentary Lifestyle"
"Polys of Diabetes - CORRECT ANSWER=> *Hyperglycemia: Polydipsia, Polyphasia, Polyuria"
"Cushing's Syndrome - CORRECT ANSWER=> *Hypercortisolism: Characterized by mood swings,
insomnia, Moon Face, Fine hair, Hirsutism, Truncal Obesity, Thin skin"
1|Page
,"Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) - CORRECT ANSWER=> A traumatic insult to the brain capable of
producing physical, intellectual, emotional, social, and vocational changes. *Leading cause of
death and disability in the U.S."
"TBI - Primary Injury - CORRECT ANSWER=> Result of the initial trauma or injury on brain cells.
Focal:Localized Injury
Polar: Caused by acceleration/deceleration movement of brain within the the skull: Double
injury
Diffuse: Caused by movement of brain within the skull: Axonal injury"
"TBI - Secondary Injury - CORRECT ANSWER=> Increases ICP and pt usually dies"
"Reperfusion Injury - CORRECT ANSWER=> Secondary injury that occurs after reestablishing blood
flow.
Tx/Therapy: Medication, Surgery to restore blood flow to blocked arteries"
"Increased Cranial Pressure (ICP) - CORRECT ANSWER=> The pressure exerted by the contents of
the cranium.
0-15 mm Hg
The volume of the cranium consists of CSF, Blood and Brain Tissue
The patient might be sedated. May need to raise the HOB and ensure there is no stimulation in
the environment"
"What is the most sensitive indicator of altered brain function? - CORRECT ANSWER=> Change in
the patient's LOC!"
"Cerebrovascular Disease (CVA): Types of Stroke - CORRECT ANSWER=> ISCHEMIC: Sudden
occlusion of a cerebral artery secondary to thrombus formation or embolization. Insufficient
blood flow to the brain tissue results in oxygen deprivation and rapid cerebral deterioration.
Thrombotic is r/t atherosclerosis and hypercoaguability
Embolic is r/t cardiac source
HEMORRHAGIC: Intracerebral brain bleed
Diagnosed by CT Scan!"
"Meningitis - CORRECT ANSWER=> Inflammation of the meninges of the brain and spinal cord.
Microbial invasion of the CNS.
Streptococcus Pneumoniae is the most common bacterium.
Bacteria reaches the CNS via the bloodstream, para-nasal sinuses or ears"
2|Page
, "Encephalitis - CORRECT ANSWER=> Inflammation of the brain usually caused by a virus.
Herpes Virus is the most common viral cause."
"Glascow Coma Scale (GCS) - CORRECT ANSWER=> A neurological scaled used to determine the
level of consciousness of a patient.
Mild 13-15
Moderate 9-12
Severe 8 or below"
"Seizure Disorders: Classifications - CORRECT ANSWER=> Generalized: Whole-brain surface is
affected
Absence (Petit-Mal): Kids, Staring spells
Atypical Absence: Myoclonic Jerks
Myoclonic: Single to Several Jerks
Atonic: DROP attack/Fall down
Tonic-Clonic (Grand-Mal): Jerking/Many Muscles"
"Status Epilepticus - CORRECT ANSWER=> Back-to-Back Seizures with no recovery in between
episodes"
"Dementia - CORRECT ANSWER=> A slowly progressive decline in mental abilities, including
memory, thinking, and judgment, that is often accompanied by personality changes"
"What is NOT a clinical manifestation of HYPONATREMIA? - CORRECT ANSWER=> THIRST"
"T or F: Thirst is a clinical manifestation of HYPERnatremia - CORRECT ANSWER=> True"
"What electrolytes are affected by the kidney's inability to regulate? - CORRECT ANSWER=>
Potassium, Phosphorous, Magnesium"
"Hypoventilation is a build up of what? - CORRECT ANSWER=> PaCO2"
"What is the goal for a pt with ARDS (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome) - CORRECT
ANSWER=> Keep the pts PaO2 value >60!"
"What is the tx for Tension Pneumothorax? - CORRECT ANSWER=> Emergent needle
aspiration/decompression
3|Page
EXAM LATEST AND
COMPLETE VERSION 2026
WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS
ALREADY GRADED A+
"Gomerulonephritis - CORRECT ANSWER=> Inflammation of the glomeruli within the kidney.
Immune-mediated conditions that produce IgA Nephropathy, Berger's Disease: These are the
most commonly diagnosed
What will be spilling into the urine? PROTEIN!
Characterized by abrupt onset of hematuria, proteinuria, oliguria, edema, and hypertension
Staph infection associated with glomerulonephritis"
"Type I Diabetes - CORRECT ANSWER=> *Makes NO insulin. It is characterized by the destruction
of B cells of the pancreas. It affects children and adolescents.
HYPERGLYCEMIA"
"Type II Diabetes - CORRECT ANSWER=> *Insulin Resistant and is the most common type of
diabetes. What is resistant to the insulin? CELLS and PERIPHERAL TISSUE.
Risks include: Obesity, Aging, Sedentary Lifestyle"
"Polys of Diabetes - CORRECT ANSWER=> *Hyperglycemia: Polydipsia, Polyphasia, Polyuria"
"Cushing's Syndrome - CORRECT ANSWER=> *Hypercortisolism: Characterized by mood swings,
insomnia, Moon Face, Fine hair, Hirsutism, Truncal Obesity, Thin skin"
1|Page
,"Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) - CORRECT ANSWER=> A traumatic insult to the brain capable of
producing physical, intellectual, emotional, social, and vocational changes. *Leading cause of
death and disability in the U.S."
"TBI - Primary Injury - CORRECT ANSWER=> Result of the initial trauma or injury on brain cells.
Focal:Localized Injury
Polar: Caused by acceleration/deceleration movement of brain within the the skull: Double
injury
Diffuse: Caused by movement of brain within the skull: Axonal injury"
"TBI - Secondary Injury - CORRECT ANSWER=> Increases ICP and pt usually dies"
"Reperfusion Injury - CORRECT ANSWER=> Secondary injury that occurs after reestablishing blood
flow.
Tx/Therapy: Medication, Surgery to restore blood flow to blocked arteries"
"Increased Cranial Pressure (ICP) - CORRECT ANSWER=> The pressure exerted by the contents of
the cranium.
0-15 mm Hg
The volume of the cranium consists of CSF, Blood and Brain Tissue
The patient might be sedated. May need to raise the HOB and ensure there is no stimulation in
the environment"
"What is the most sensitive indicator of altered brain function? - CORRECT ANSWER=> Change in
the patient's LOC!"
"Cerebrovascular Disease (CVA): Types of Stroke - CORRECT ANSWER=> ISCHEMIC: Sudden
occlusion of a cerebral artery secondary to thrombus formation or embolization. Insufficient
blood flow to the brain tissue results in oxygen deprivation and rapid cerebral deterioration.
Thrombotic is r/t atherosclerosis and hypercoaguability
Embolic is r/t cardiac source
HEMORRHAGIC: Intracerebral brain bleed
Diagnosed by CT Scan!"
"Meningitis - CORRECT ANSWER=> Inflammation of the meninges of the brain and spinal cord.
Microbial invasion of the CNS.
Streptococcus Pneumoniae is the most common bacterium.
Bacteria reaches the CNS via the bloodstream, para-nasal sinuses or ears"
2|Page
, "Encephalitis - CORRECT ANSWER=> Inflammation of the brain usually caused by a virus.
Herpes Virus is the most common viral cause."
"Glascow Coma Scale (GCS) - CORRECT ANSWER=> A neurological scaled used to determine the
level of consciousness of a patient.
Mild 13-15
Moderate 9-12
Severe 8 or below"
"Seizure Disorders: Classifications - CORRECT ANSWER=> Generalized: Whole-brain surface is
affected
Absence (Petit-Mal): Kids, Staring spells
Atypical Absence: Myoclonic Jerks
Myoclonic: Single to Several Jerks
Atonic: DROP attack/Fall down
Tonic-Clonic (Grand-Mal): Jerking/Many Muscles"
"Status Epilepticus - CORRECT ANSWER=> Back-to-Back Seizures with no recovery in between
episodes"
"Dementia - CORRECT ANSWER=> A slowly progressive decline in mental abilities, including
memory, thinking, and judgment, that is often accompanied by personality changes"
"What is NOT a clinical manifestation of HYPONATREMIA? - CORRECT ANSWER=> THIRST"
"T or F: Thirst is a clinical manifestation of HYPERnatremia - CORRECT ANSWER=> True"
"What electrolytes are affected by the kidney's inability to regulate? - CORRECT ANSWER=>
Potassium, Phosphorous, Magnesium"
"Hypoventilation is a build up of what? - CORRECT ANSWER=> PaCO2"
"What is the goal for a pt with ARDS (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome) - CORRECT
ANSWER=> Keep the pts PaO2 value >60!"
"What is the tx for Tension Pneumothorax? - CORRECT ANSWER=> Emergent needle
aspiration/decompression
3|Page
