NUR 445 LATEST EXAM WITH DETAILED QUESTIONS AND 100%
VERIFIED ANSWERS ALREADY RATED A+ GRADE
Central Venous Pressure (CVP): what is it measuring? normal
range? how to treat high or low CVP?
- Measures: volume of blood returning to the right ventricle at
the end of diastole (filling); measures preload
- Range: 2-6
- Low: give fluids and/or vasopressor (levophed, dobutamine)
- High: diuretics (furosemide)
When is bradycardia treated? How is it treated?
- When it is symptomatic (chest pain, dizziness, syncope)
- Start with atropine, treat cause if possible (hypoxia or
hypothermia), then norepinephrine, then pacemaker
,What are some uses of digoxin? MOA?
* Not primary treatment for anything!!!*
- Uses: sinus tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, heart
failure
- MOA: inotropic action increases contractility to improve
cardiac output
What are the s/s of digoxin toxicity? electrolyte cause?
treatment?
- s/s: visual disturbances (yellow halos), anorexia, low HR/BP
- cause: hypokalemia
- Tx: Digoxin immune fab
What are administration considerations for Digoxin?
check apical pulse and K+ prior to administration
, What type of cholesterol increases the risk for heart disease?
High LDL cholesterol can cause atherosclerosis and increase risk
for blood clots
** fiber can help reduce LDL cholesterol by binding to in the
intestines
What are the s/s of right sided heart failure?
dependent edema (lower extremities), ascites, weight gain,
Jugular vein distention
What are the s/s of left sided heart failure?
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, elevated pulmonary capillary
wedge pressure, orthopnea, exertional dyspnea, persistent
cough, blood tinged sputum, crackles/rales, tachypnea, sudden
weight gain, confusion due to decreased perfusion, tachycardia,
cyanosis.
VERIFIED ANSWERS ALREADY RATED A+ GRADE
Central Venous Pressure (CVP): what is it measuring? normal
range? how to treat high or low CVP?
- Measures: volume of blood returning to the right ventricle at
the end of diastole (filling); measures preload
- Range: 2-6
- Low: give fluids and/or vasopressor (levophed, dobutamine)
- High: diuretics (furosemide)
When is bradycardia treated? How is it treated?
- When it is symptomatic (chest pain, dizziness, syncope)
- Start with atropine, treat cause if possible (hypoxia or
hypothermia), then norepinephrine, then pacemaker
,What are some uses of digoxin? MOA?
* Not primary treatment for anything!!!*
- Uses: sinus tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, heart
failure
- MOA: inotropic action increases contractility to improve
cardiac output
What are the s/s of digoxin toxicity? electrolyte cause?
treatment?
- s/s: visual disturbances (yellow halos), anorexia, low HR/BP
- cause: hypokalemia
- Tx: Digoxin immune fab
What are administration considerations for Digoxin?
check apical pulse and K+ prior to administration
, What type of cholesterol increases the risk for heart disease?
High LDL cholesterol can cause atherosclerosis and increase risk
for blood clots
** fiber can help reduce LDL cholesterol by binding to in the
intestines
What are the s/s of right sided heart failure?
dependent edema (lower extremities), ascites, weight gain,
Jugular vein distention
What are the s/s of left sided heart failure?
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, elevated pulmonary capillary
wedge pressure, orthopnea, exertional dyspnea, persistent
cough, blood tinged sputum, crackles/rales, tachypnea, sudden
weight gain, confusion due to decreased perfusion, tachycardia,
cyanosis.
