NURS 350- CRITICAL INQUIRY & RESEARCH IN HEALTHCARE PRACTICE EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS (100% VERIFIED) |GRADED A+
Florence Nightingale
o Considered the founder of modern nursing
o Acted as a change agent
o Innovative thinker
Lillian Wald
o Her efforts led to school health nursing
o Organized the Children's Bureau
o Nursing Service Division of the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company
o Wald believed that every New York City resident was entitled to equal and fair health care
regardless of their social status, socio-economic status, race, gender, or age. She argued
that everyone should have access to at-home-care
Margaret Sanger
o Sept. 1879 to Sept. 1966
o Was a pioneer nurse in family planning.
o She opened the first family planning and Birth control clinic in the Bronx, New York in
1916 which was thought to be illegal and was raided by Police 9 days later.
o She also founded the American Birth Control League in 1921. This was a parent
organization that would develop into Planned Parenthood Federation of America
Mary Adelaide Nutting
o Nov. 1858 to Oct. 1948.
o 1st graduate of John Hopkins School of Nursing
o 1900 established American Journal of Nursing, it's a crucial information source for
aspiring professionals & scholars.
1|Page
,o In 1907 she became the professor of institutional administration at Teachers College,
Columbia University, was 1st nurse to occupy a university chair.
o Nutting's ultimate goal was to coalesce nurse training schools with university education
systems.
Mary Eliza Mahoney
o Nov. 1858 to Jan. 1926
o Was the first African American to study and work as a professionally trained nurse in the
United States, graduating in 1879 from New England Hospital for women and Children
charter (they allow 1 Jewish & 1 African American student a year.
o In 1896, she became on one of the original members of what would later be the American
Nurses Association.
o In 1908, she co-founded the National Association of Colored Graduate Nurses (NACGN).
Virginia Henderson
o Graduated from the Army School of Nursing in 1921.
o Her definition of nursing has become famous. It was the first statements clearly
distinguishing nursing from medicine.
o She was one of the first nurses to point out that nursing does not consist of merely
following physicians orders.
o her Need Theory and defining nursing as: "The unique function of the nurse is to assist the
individual, sick or well, in the performance of those activities contributing to health or its
recovery (or to peaceful death) that he would perform unaided if he had the necessary
strength, will or knowledge."
Dorothea Dix
o April 1802 to July 1887
o Worked for health and welfare of the mentally ill. Her efforts led to the first American
insane asylums.
2|Page
, o In 1856, she founded the first public mental hospital in Pennsylvania the Harrisburg State
Hospital
Linda Richards
o July 1841 to April 1930
o In 1872, became the first professionally trained American Nurse.
o She enrolled in the inaugural class of five nurses in the first American Nurses training
school. This pioneering at the New England Hospital for Women and Children in Boston.
o She is also recognized as being the first to promote and create a system for keeping
individual medical records for hospitalized patients.
Clara Barton
o Dec 1821 to April 1912
o Is best known as the founder of the American Red Cross.
o She began her lifetime of helping others at the beginning of the Civil War, when she
organized medical care for Union troops wounded in the Baltimore Riots of 1861.
o Though a supporter of the Union, in serving wounded soldiers, she served both sides in
providing neutral relief. She became known as the "Angel of the Battlefield."
o Founded American Red Cross in 1881 and served as President until 1904.
Isabel Hampton Robb
o 1860 to 1910
o 1883 graduated from Bellevue
o Was the first to organize and support nursing licensure in the US - She put into place set
standards for nursing education, and most of them are still followed today. Specifically, she
developed and implemented a grading policy for nursing students that required nurses to
prove their abilities in order to be awarded qualifications.
o She was active in the International Council of Nurses and the Committee to Secure by
Act of Congress the Employment of Graduate Women Nurses in the Hospital Service of the
US Army, which worked toward the establishment of the Army Nurse Corps.
3|Page
ANSWERS (100% VERIFIED) |GRADED A+
Florence Nightingale
o Considered the founder of modern nursing
o Acted as a change agent
o Innovative thinker
Lillian Wald
o Her efforts led to school health nursing
o Organized the Children's Bureau
o Nursing Service Division of the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company
o Wald believed that every New York City resident was entitled to equal and fair health care
regardless of their social status, socio-economic status, race, gender, or age. She argued
that everyone should have access to at-home-care
Margaret Sanger
o Sept. 1879 to Sept. 1966
o Was a pioneer nurse in family planning.
o She opened the first family planning and Birth control clinic in the Bronx, New York in
1916 which was thought to be illegal and was raided by Police 9 days later.
o She also founded the American Birth Control League in 1921. This was a parent
organization that would develop into Planned Parenthood Federation of America
Mary Adelaide Nutting
o Nov. 1858 to Oct. 1948.
o 1st graduate of John Hopkins School of Nursing
o 1900 established American Journal of Nursing, it's a crucial information source for
aspiring professionals & scholars.
1|Page
,o In 1907 she became the professor of institutional administration at Teachers College,
Columbia University, was 1st nurse to occupy a university chair.
o Nutting's ultimate goal was to coalesce nurse training schools with university education
systems.
Mary Eliza Mahoney
o Nov. 1858 to Jan. 1926
o Was the first African American to study and work as a professionally trained nurse in the
United States, graduating in 1879 from New England Hospital for women and Children
charter (they allow 1 Jewish & 1 African American student a year.
o In 1896, she became on one of the original members of what would later be the American
Nurses Association.
o In 1908, she co-founded the National Association of Colored Graduate Nurses (NACGN).
Virginia Henderson
o Graduated from the Army School of Nursing in 1921.
o Her definition of nursing has become famous. It was the first statements clearly
distinguishing nursing from medicine.
o She was one of the first nurses to point out that nursing does not consist of merely
following physicians orders.
o her Need Theory and defining nursing as: "The unique function of the nurse is to assist the
individual, sick or well, in the performance of those activities contributing to health or its
recovery (or to peaceful death) that he would perform unaided if he had the necessary
strength, will or knowledge."
Dorothea Dix
o April 1802 to July 1887
o Worked for health and welfare of the mentally ill. Her efforts led to the first American
insane asylums.
2|Page
, o In 1856, she founded the first public mental hospital in Pennsylvania the Harrisburg State
Hospital
Linda Richards
o July 1841 to April 1930
o In 1872, became the first professionally trained American Nurse.
o She enrolled in the inaugural class of five nurses in the first American Nurses training
school. This pioneering at the New England Hospital for Women and Children in Boston.
o She is also recognized as being the first to promote and create a system for keeping
individual medical records for hospitalized patients.
Clara Barton
o Dec 1821 to April 1912
o Is best known as the founder of the American Red Cross.
o She began her lifetime of helping others at the beginning of the Civil War, when she
organized medical care for Union troops wounded in the Baltimore Riots of 1861.
o Though a supporter of the Union, in serving wounded soldiers, she served both sides in
providing neutral relief. She became known as the "Angel of the Battlefield."
o Founded American Red Cross in 1881 and served as President until 1904.
Isabel Hampton Robb
o 1860 to 1910
o 1883 graduated from Bellevue
o Was the first to organize and support nursing licensure in the US - She put into place set
standards for nursing education, and most of them are still followed today. Specifically, she
developed and implemented a grading policy for nursing students that required nurses to
prove their abilities in order to be awarded qualifications.
o She was active in the International Council of Nurses and the Committee to Secure by
Act of Congress the Employment of Graduate Women Nurses in the Hospital Service of the
US Army, which worked toward the establishment of the Army Nurse Corps.
3|Page
