Relias Pediatric A v1 Exam Questions and
Answers | Pediatric Nursing Competency |
2026/2027 Edition | 100% Correct
Solutions Study Guide
SECTION 1: GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT (Questions 1-11)
Q1: According to Erikson's psychosocial theory, the primary developmental task of
infancy is:
● A) Trust vs. mistrust
● B) Autonomy vs. shame and doubt
● C) Initiative vs. guilt
● D) Industry vs. inferiority
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Infancy (0-12 months) corresponds to Trust vs. Mistrust. Autonomy (B) is
toddlerhood. Initiative (C) is preschool. Industry (D) is school-age.
Q2: A 4-month-old infant should be able to perform which developmental task?
● A) Sit without support
● B) Roll from front to back
● C) Walk with assistance
● D) Feed self with spoon
Correct Answer: B
,Rationale: 4-month milestones: roll front to back, laugh, grasp rattle. Sit without support
(A) at 6-8 months. Walk (C) at 12 months. Self-feed (D) at 12+ months.
Q3: A nurse is teaching parents about toddler negativism. Which statement by the
parents indicates understanding?
● A) "This behavior is abnormal and requires discipline."
● B) "This is a normal part of developing autonomy."
● C) "We should punish our toddler for saying no."
● D) "We should give in to all demands to avoid tantrums."
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Negativism (saying no) is normal for toddlers developing autonomy.
Discipline (A, C) is not needed. Giving in (D) reinforces negative behavior.
Q4: A preschooler is most likely to fear:
● A) Loss of control
● B) Mutilation and bodily harm
● C) Separation from parents
● D) Failure in school
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Preschoolers fear bodily harm, mutilation, darkness. Toddlers fear separation
(C). School-age fear failure (D). Adolescents fear loss of control (A).
Q5: According to Piaget, a school-age child is in which stage of cognitive development?
● A) Sensorimotor
● B) Preoperational
● C) Concrete operational
● D) Formal operational
Correct Answer: C
, Rationale: School-age (6-12) is concrete operational. Sensorimotor (A) infancy.
Preoperational (B) toddler/preschool. Formal operational (D) adolescence.
Q6: A 9-year-old child is hospitalized. Which intervention best supports Erikson's stage
of industry vs. inferiority?
● A) Allow the child to make choices about daily routine
● B) Provide opportunities to complete tasks and projects
● C) Encourage fantasy play
● D) Assign the child to a playroom with younger children
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: School-age children need opportunities to complete tasks to develop
industry. Allowing choices (A) supports autonomy (toddler). Fantasy play (C) supports
initiative (preschool). Assigning to younger children (D) may increase feelings of
inferiority.
Q7: A toddler's parents express concern about temper tantrums. Which nursing
response is most appropriate?
● A) "This behavior indicates a behavioral problem."
● B) "Tantrums are normal at this age; remain calm and consistent."
● C) "Ignore your child completely during tantrums."
● D) "Give in to your child's demands to stop the tantrum."
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Tantrums are normal toddler behavior. Remain calm, consistent. Ignoring (C)
may be appropriate for some behaviors but not all. Giving in (D) reinforces tantrums.
Q8: A 2-year-old child should be able to:
● A) Tie shoelaces
● B) Use 2-3 word sentences
Answers | Pediatric Nursing Competency |
2026/2027 Edition | 100% Correct
Solutions Study Guide
SECTION 1: GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT (Questions 1-11)
Q1: According to Erikson's psychosocial theory, the primary developmental task of
infancy is:
● A) Trust vs. mistrust
● B) Autonomy vs. shame and doubt
● C) Initiative vs. guilt
● D) Industry vs. inferiority
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Infancy (0-12 months) corresponds to Trust vs. Mistrust. Autonomy (B) is
toddlerhood. Initiative (C) is preschool. Industry (D) is school-age.
Q2: A 4-month-old infant should be able to perform which developmental task?
● A) Sit without support
● B) Roll from front to back
● C) Walk with assistance
● D) Feed self with spoon
Correct Answer: B
,Rationale: 4-month milestones: roll front to back, laugh, grasp rattle. Sit without support
(A) at 6-8 months. Walk (C) at 12 months. Self-feed (D) at 12+ months.
Q3: A nurse is teaching parents about toddler negativism. Which statement by the
parents indicates understanding?
● A) "This behavior is abnormal and requires discipline."
● B) "This is a normal part of developing autonomy."
● C) "We should punish our toddler for saying no."
● D) "We should give in to all demands to avoid tantrums."
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Negativism (saying no) is normal for toddlers developing autonomy.
Discipline (A, C) is not needed. Giving in (D) reinforces negative behavior.
Q4: A preschooler is most likely to fear:
● A) Loss of control
● B) Mutilation and bodily harm
● C) Separation from parents
● D) Failure in school
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Preschoolers fear bodily harm, mutilation, darkness. Toddlers fear separation
(C). School-age fear failure (D). Adolescents fear loss of control (A).
Q5: According to Piaget, a school-age child is in which stage of cognitive development?
● A) Sensorimotor
● B) Preoperational
● C) Concrete operational
● D) Formal operational
Correct Answer: C
, Rationale: School-age (6-12) is concrete operational. Sensorimotor (A) infancy.
Preoperational (B) toddler/preschool. Formal operational (D) adolescence.
Q6: A 9-year-old child is hospitalized. Which intervention best supports Erikson's stage
of industry vs. inferiority?
● A) Allow the child to make choices about daily routine
● B) Provide opportunities to complete tasks and projects
● C) Encourage fantasy play
● D) Assign the child to a playroom with younger children
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: School-age children need opportunities to complete tasks to develop
industry. Allowing choices (A) supports autonomy (toddler). Fantasy play (C) supports
initiative (preschool). Assigning to younger children (D) may increase feelings of
inferiority.
Q7: A toddler's parents express concern about temper tantrums. Which nursing
response is most appropriate?
● A) "This behavior indicates a behavioral problem."
● B) "Tantrums are normal at this age; remain calm and consistent."
● C) "Ignore your child completely during tantrums."
● D) "Give in to your child's demands to stop the tantrum."
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Tantrums are normal toddler behavior. Remain calm, consistent. Ignoring (C)
may be appropriate for some behaviors but not all. Giving in (D) reinforces tantrums.
Q8: A 2-year-old child should be able to:
● A) Tie shoelaces
● B) Use 2-3 word sentences
