UNE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAMS SET 2026
FULL SOLUTION QUESTIONS ALREADY
PASSED
⫸ Cardiac output is equal to heart rate time ________________
Answer: stroke volume
⫸ The normal pacemaker of the heart is the ____________________
Answer: SA node
⫸ The __________________ nerves increase heart rate and
contractibility. Answer: sympathetic
⫸ At resting potential, a cardiac myocyte is __________ on the inside
compared with the outside of the cell. Answer: Negative
⫸ Cross-bridge formation that results in muscle contraction requires
intracellular _________________ Answer: Calcium ions
⫸ Thin filaments in cardiac myocytes actin and _____________
Answer: troponin
⫸ The ___________ arteries supply blood to the cardiac myoctes.
Answer: coronary
,⫸ Associated with differences in circulating estrogens and androgenic
hormones Answer: Gender
⫸ Predisposes to hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes Answer:
Obesity
⫸ Results from genetic changes and high dietary intake of saturated fats
Answer: Hyperlipidemia
⫸ Contributes to hypertension, urge to smoke and eat, and
dysfunctional carbohydrate metabolism Answer: sedentary lifestyle
⫸ Stimulates catecholamine release, increasing blood pressure, cardiac
work, and oxygen demand Answer: smoking
⫸ marker of inflammation and increased risk for coronary artery disease
Answer: Increase C-reactive protein
⫸ Causes trauma to arterial walls and increased myocardial workload
Answer: hypertension
⫸ Increases body weight and triglyceride levels and has direct toxic
effects on myocardium Answer: heavy alcohol consumption
⫸ Associated with hyperlipidemia, obesity, hypertension, and arterial
damage from insulin resistance Answer: Diabetes
,⫸ A patient has an embolus lodge in the coronary artery. Which
condition should the nurse monitor for in this patient?
A. mitral stenosis
B. Atherosclerosis
C. Aortic Aneurysm
D. Mycardial infarction Answer: D. myocardial infarction
⫸ A nurse is how prolonged standing can lead to varicose veins. How
should the nurse respond?
A. prolonged standing causes a clot
B. prolonged standing increases a valves competence
C. prolonged standing leads to stunning, hibernation, and remodeling
D. Prolonged standing diminished the action of the muscle pump to
return blood to the heart Answer: D. prolonged standing diminished the
action of the muscle pump to return blood to the heart
⫸ In the cardiac cycle, the ventricles contract during:
A. the refractory period
B. disease
C. repolarization
, D. systole Answer: D. systole
⫸ The effect of sympathetic nervous system stimulation on the heart is
to:
A. increase the refractory period
B. increase the heart rate
C. decrease calcium influx
D. decrease the strength of myocardial contraction Answer: B increase
the heart rate
⫸ The heart chamber that receives blood from the pulmonary
circulation is the:
A. right Atrium
B. right ventricle
C. left atrium
D. left ventricle Answer: D. left atrium
⫸ Arterial baroreceptors are located in the
A. renal artery
B. superior vena cava
C. aortic arch
FULL SOLUTION QUESTIONS ALREADY
PASSED
⫸ Cardiac output is equal to heart rate time ________________
Answer: stroke volume
⫸ The normal pacemaker of the heart is the ____________________
Answer: SA node
⫸ The __________________ nerves increase heart rate and
contractibility. Answer: sympathetic
⫸ At resting potential, a cardiac myocyte is __________ on the inside
compared with the outside of the cell. Answer: Negative
⫸ Cross-bridge formation that results in muscle contraction requires
intracellular _________________ Answer: Calcium ions
⫸ Thin filaments in cardiac myocytes actin and _____________
Answer: troponin
⫸ The ___________ arteries supply blood to the cardiac myoctes.
Answer: coronary
,⫸ Associated with differences in circulating estrogens and androgenic
hormones Answer: Gender
⫸ Predisposes to hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes Answer:
Obesity
⫸ Results from genetic changes and high dietary intake of saturated fats
Answer: Hyperlipidemia
⫸ Contributes to hypertension, urge to smoke and eat, and
dysfunctional carbohydrate metabolism Answer: sedentary lifestyle
⫸ Stimulates catecholamine release, increasing blood pressure, cardiac
work, and oxygen demand Answer: smoking
⫸ marker of inflammation and increased risk for coronary artery disease
Answer: Increase C-reactive protein
⫸ Causes trauma to arterial walls and increased myocardial workload
Answer: hypertension
⫸ Increases body weight and triglyceride levels and has direct toxic
effects on myocardium Answer: heavy alcohol consumption
⫸ Associated with hyperlipidemia, obesity, hypertension, and arterial
damage from insulin resistance Answer: Diabetes
,⫸ A patient has an embolus lodge in the coronary artery. Which
condition should the nurse monitor for in this patient?
A. mitral stenosis
B. Atherosclerosis
C. Aortic Aneurysm
D. Mycardial infarction Answer: D. myocardial infarction
⫸ A nurse is how prolonged standing can lead to varicose veins. How
should the nurse respond?
A. prolonged standing causes a clot
B. prolonged standing increases a valves competence
C. prolonged standing leads to stunning, hibernation, and remodeling
D. Prolonged standing diminished the action of the muscle pump to
return blood to the heart Answer: D. prolonged standing diminished the
action of the muscle pump to return blood to the heart
⫸ In the cardiac cycle, the ventricles contract during:
A. the refractory period
B. disease
C. repolarization
, D. systole Answer: D. systole
⫸ The effect of sympathetic nervous system stimulation on the heart is
to:
A. increase the refractory period
B. increase the heart rate
C. decrease calcium influx
D. decrease the strength of myocardial contraction Answer: B increase
the heart rate
⫸ The heart chamber that receives blood from the pulmonary
circulation is the:
A. right Atrium
B. right ventricle
C. left atrium
D. left ventricle Answer: D. left atrium
⫸ Arterial baroreceptors are located in the
A. renal artery
B. superior vena cava
C. aortic arch
