ECC – Rutgers Exam Review and Study
Guide
How can a first responder minimize risk of liability? - correct answer ✔✔ *ask for consent
*explain everything you're doing
*follow proper steps
What's an example of implied consent? - correct answer ✔✔ unconscious and in need of
medical assistance
Example of negligence as a first responder - correct answer ✔✔ tying a bandage too tight,
leaving the scene after starting first aid
The purpose of a scene size up - correct answer ✔✔ to ensure the area is safe for you to provide
care for the victims
How long should a scene size up take? - correct answer ✔✔ 10 seconds
What does 911 need to know? - correct answer ✔✔ your location
the incident
the number of victims
the number you're calling from/your name
Purpose behind universal standard precautions - correct answer ✔✔ known rules that all first
aiders follow such as using gloves, washing hands, using clean, sterile, new bandages for every
victim
,What situations constitute an emergency? - correct answer ✔✔ severe bleeding
victim not breathing
massive blood loss
confusion/amnesia
heatstroke/frostbite
rigid abdomen
Flow of blood through the heart - correct answer ✔✔ right atria - right ventricle - lungs - left
atria - left ventricle - body
ligaments - correct answer ✔✔ Connect bone to bone
white and thready
tendons - correct answer ✔✔ Connect muscle to bone
pink/reddish
largest artery in the body - correct answer ✔✔ aorta
What does plasma do in our bodies? - correct answer ✔✔ carries food materials, waste
materials, and red blood cells
Where are peripheral nerves found? - correct answer ✔✔ appendicular skeleton
Cardiac muscle - correct answer ✔✔ found in the heart only
smooth muscle - correct answer ✔✔ found in the internal organs
, involuntary movement
skeletal muscle - correct answer ✔✔ connect to bones
control voluntary movements
At what point does 911 get called during a victim assessment? - correct answer ✔✔ at any point
during the exam if you discover the victim is not breathing, has massive blood loss, etc.
This acronym is used during a physical exam - correct answer ✔✔ DOTS
DOTS meaning - correct answer ✔✔ deformity, open wound, tenderness, swelling
What is a SAMPLE history used for? - correct answer ✔✔ to gain background information about
the victimSA and what happened, and if first aid is required
SAMPLE meaning - correct answer ✔✔ signs/symptoms, allergies, medications, past medical
history, last oral intake, events leading up to the injury
What is the AVPU scale used for? - correct answer ✔✔ To assess the patent's level of
responsiveness or mental status
AVPU meaning - correct answer ✔✔ alert, verbally responsive (responds to "hey are you
okay?"), painfully responsive (responds to pinch or sternal rub), unresponsive
How do you talk to and calm down a victim? - correct answer ✔✔ *remain calm
* reassure them that help is on the way
* try your best to keep them calm
* DO NOT LIE
Guide
How can a first responder minimize risk of liability? - correct answer ✔✔ *ask for consent
*explain everything you're doing
*follow proper steps
What's an example of implied consent? - correct answer ✔✔ unconscious and in need of
medical assistance
Example of negligence as a first responder - correct answer ✔✔ tying a bandage too tight,
leaving the scene after starting first aid
The purpose of a scene size up - correct answer ✔✔ to ensure the area is safe for you to provide
care for the victims
How long should a scene size up take? - correct answer ✔✔ 10 seconds
What does 911 need to know? - correct answer ✔✔ your location
the incident
the number of victims
the number you're calling from/your name
Purpose behind universal standard precautions - correct answer ✔✔ known rules that all first
aiders follow such as using gloves, washing hands, using clean, sterile, new bandages for every
victim
,What situations constitute an emergency? - correct answer ✔✔ severe bleeding
victim not breathing
massive blood loss
confusion/amnesia
heatstroke/frostbite
rigid abdomen
Flow of blood through the heart - correct answer ✔✔ right atria - right ventricle - lungs - left
atria - left ventricle - body
ligaments - correct answer ✔✔ Connect bone to bone
white and thready
tendons - correct answer ✔✔ Connect muscle to bone
pink/reddish
largest artery in the body - correct answer ✔✔ aorta
What does plasma do in our bodies? - correct answer ✔✔ carries food materials, waste
materials, and red blood cells
Where are peripheral nerves found? - correct answer ✔✔ appendicular skeleton
Cardiac muscle - correct answer ✔✔ found in the heart only
smooth muscle - correct answer ✔✔ found in the internal organs
, involuntary movement
skeletal muscle - correct answer ✔✔ connect to bones
control voluntary movements
At what point does 911 get called during a victim assessment? - correct answer ✔✔ at any point
during the exam if you discover the victim is not breathing, has massive blood loss, etc.
This acronym is used during a physical exam - correct answer ✔✔ DOTS
DOTS meaning - correct answer ✔✔ deformity, open wound, tenderness, swelling
What is a SAMPLE history used for? - correct answer ✔✔ to gain background information about
the victimSA and what happened, and if first aid is required
SAMPLE meaning - correct answer ✔✔ signs/symptoms, allergies, medications, past medical
history, last oral intake, events leading up to the injury
What is the AVPU scale used for? - correct answer ✔✔ To assess the patent's level of
responsiveness or mental status
AVPU meaning - correct answer ✔✔ alert, verbally responsive (responds to "hey are you
okay?"), painfully responsive (responds to pinch or sternal rub), unresponsive
How do you talk to and calm down a victim? - correct answer ✔✔ *remain calm
* reassure them that help is on the way
* try your best to keep them calm
* DO NOT LIE
