TEST BANK FOR BONTRAGERS TEXTBOOK
OF RADIOGRAPHIC POSITIONING AND
RELATED ANATOMY 11TH ED BY JOHN
LAMPIGNANO AND LESLIE E. KENDRICK. ALL
CHAPTERS COVERED| UPDATED 2026
,TABLE OF CONTENT
1. Chapter 1. Terminology, Imaging and Positioning Principles
2. Chapter 2. Chest
3. Chapter 3. Abdomen
4. Chapter 4. Upper Limb
5. Chapter 5. Humerus and Shoulder Girdle
6. Chapter 6. Lower Limb
7. Chapter 7. Femur and Pelvic Girdle
8. Chapter 8. Cervical and Thoracic Spine
9. Chapter 9. Lumbar Spine, Sacrum, and Coccyx
10. Chapter 10. Bony Thorax — Sternum and Ribs
11. Chapter 11. Cranium, Facial Bones, and Paranasal Sinuses
12. Chapter 12. Biliary Tract and Upper Gastrointestinal System
13. Chapter 13. Lower Gastrointestinal System
14. Chapter 14. Urinary System and Venipuncture
15. Chapter 15. Trauma, Mobile, and Surgical Radiography
16. Chapter 16. Pediatric Radiography
17. Chapter 17. Angiography and Interventional Procedures
18. Chapter 18. Computed Tomography
19. Chapter 19. Special Radiographic Procedures
20. Chapter 20. Diagnostic and Therapeutic Modalities
,CHAPTER 1: TERMINOLOGY, IMAGING AND POSITIONING PRINCIPLES
This chapter introduces essential radiographic terminology, imaging principles, and
positioning concepts. It emphasizes patient safety, radiation protection, anatomical
orientation, and image quality. Nurses and radiologic technologists must understand proper
positioning, exposure factors, and terminology to ensure accurate imaging, minimize repeat
exams, protect patients and staff, and facilitate effective diagnostic and therapeutic care.
1. Which term refers to the arrangement of the body for radiographic imaging?
A. Projection
B. Position
C. Exposure
D. Density
- CORRECT ANSWER - : B
Rationale: Position describes the patient’s body arrangement for imaging. Projection
refers to the path of the x-ray beam; exposure and density relate to image quality.
2. What does radiographic projection describe?
A. Patient orientation
B. Path of the x-ray beam
C. Image density
D. Exposure time
- CORRECT ANSWER - : B
Rationale: Projection specifies the direction of the x-ray beam as it passes through the
patient to the image receptor.
3. Which factor primarily affects radiographic image density?
A. mAs (milliampere-seconds)
B. Patient position
C. Anatomical plane
D. Grid ratio
- CORRECT ANSWER - : A
Rationale: Image density depends on mAs, which controls the quantity of x-rays.
Positioning and grid ratio influence contrast and detail, not density directly.
4. What is the main purpose of radiographic positioning?
A. Minimize radiation dose only
, B. Produce optimal images for diagnosis
C. Reduce patient anxiety
D. Adjust exposure factors
- CORRECT ANSWER - : B
Rationale: Positioning aims to accurately display anatomy while minimizing repeat
exposures. Dose and exposure factors are secondary considerations.
5. Which principle helps reduce patient exposure during imaging?
A. Repeat imaging
B. ALARA (As Low As Reasonably Achievable)
C. Maximum mAs
D. Increasing distance from patient
- CORRECT ANSWER - : B
Rationale: ALARA minimizes radiation exposure by using the lowest effective dose,
proper shielding, and limiting repeats.
6. Which term describes the topographic landmarks used in positioning?
A. Projection points
B. Anatomical markers
C. Bony landmarks
D. Exposure indices
- CORRECT ANSWER - : C
Rationale: Bony landmarks are palpable references guiding accurate positioning for
imaging. Markers identify sides but are not landmarks.
7. Which body plane divides the body into anterior and posterior portions?
A. Sagittal
B. Coronal
C. Transverse
D. Oblique
- CORRECT ANSWER - : B
Rationale: Coronal (frontal) plane separates front (anterior) from back (posterior).
Sagittal divides left and right; transverse divides top and bottom.
8. The term "lateral decubitus" refers to:
A. Patient standing upright
B. Patient lying on side with horizontal beam
OF RADIOGRAPHIC POSITIONING AND
RELATED ANATOMY 11TH ED BY JOHN
LAMPIGNANO AND LESLIE E. KENDRICK. ALL
CHAPTERS COVERED| UPDATED 2026
,TABLE OF CONTENT
1. Chapter 1. Terminology, Imaging and Positioning Principles
2. Chapter 2. Chest
3. Chapter 3. Abdomen
4. Chapter 4. Upper Limb
5. Chapter 5. Humerus and Shoulder Girdle
6. Chapter 6. Lower Limb
7. Chapter 7. Femur and Pelvic Girdle
8. Chapter 8. Cervical and Thoracic Spine
9. Chapter 9. Lumbar Spine, Sacrum, and Coccyx
10. Chapter 10. Bony Thorax — Sternum and Ribs
11. Chapter 11. Cranium, Facial Bones, and Paranasal Sinuses
12. Chapter 12. Biliary Tract and Upper Gastrointestinal System
13. Chapter 13. Lower Gastrointestinal System
14. Chapter 14. Urinary System and Venipuncture
15. Chapter 15. Trauma, Mobile, and Surgical Radiography
16. Chapter 16. Pediatric Radiography
17. Chapter 17. Angiography and Interventional Procedures
18. Chapter 18. Computed Tomography
19. Chapter 19. Special Radiographic Procedures
20. Chapter 20. Diagnostic and Therapeutic Modalities
,CHAPTER 1: TERMINOLOGY, IMAGING AND POSITIONING PRINCIPLES
This chapter introduces essential radiographic terminology, imaging principles, and
positioning concepts. It emphasizes patient safety, radiation protection, anatomical
orientation, and image quality. Nurses and radiologic technologists must understand proper
positioning, exposure factors, and terminology to ensure accurate imaging, minimize repeat
exams, protect patients and staff, and facilitate effective diagnostic and therapeutic care.
1. Which term refers to the arrangement of the body for radiographic imaging?
A. Projection
B. Position
C. Exposure
D. Density
- CORRECT ANSWER - : B
Rationale: Position describes the patient’s body arrangement for imaging. Projection
refers to the path of the x-ray beam; exposure and density relate to image quality.
2. What does radiographic projection describe?
A. Patient orientation
B. Path of the x-ray beam
C. Image density
D. Exposure time
- CORRECT ANSWER - : B
Rationale: Projection specifies the direction of the x-ray beam as it passes through the
patient to the image receptor.
3. Which factor primarily affects radiographic image density?
A. mAs (milliampere-seconds)
B. Patient position
C. Anatomical plane
D. Grid ratio
- CORRECT ANSWER - : A
Rationale: Image density depends on mAs, which controls the quantity of x-rays.
Positioning and grid ratio influence contrast and detail, not density directly.
4. What is the main purpose of radiographic positioning?
A. Minimize radiation dose only
, B. Produce optimal images for diagnosis
C. Reduce patient anxiety
D. Adjust exposure factors
- CORRECT ANSWER - : B
Rationale: Positioning aims to accurately display anatomy while minimizing repeat
exposures. Dose and exposure factors are secondary considerations.
5. Which principle helps reduce patient exposure during imaging?
A. Repeat imaging
B. ALARA (As Low As Reasonably Achievable)
C. Maximum mAs
D. Increasing distance from patient
- CORRECT ANSWER - : B
Rationale: ALARA minimizes radiation exposure by using the lowest effective dose,
proper shielding, and limiting repeats.
6. Which term describes the topographic landmarks used in positioning?
A. Projection points
B. Anatomical markers
C. Bony landmarks
D. Exposure indices
- CORRECT ANSWER - : C
Rationale: Bony landmarks are palpable references guiding accurate positioning for
imaging. Markers identify sides but are not landmarks.
7. Which body plane divides the body into anterior and posterior portions?
A. Sagittal
B. Coronal
C. Transverse
D. Oblique
- CORRECT ANSWER - : B
Rationale: Coronal (frontal) plane separates front (anterior) from back (posterior).
Sagittal divides left and right; transverse divides top and bottom.
8. The term "lateral decubitus" refers to:
A. Patient standing upright
B. Patient lying on side with horizontal beam
