NURS 5315 Advanced Pathophysiology UTA Exam 1
(Latest 2026/ 2027 Update) Real Comprehensive
Questions and Verified Answers | 100% Correct |
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What can Reactive Oxygen Species cause? - ANSWER-
Heart disease, Alzheimers, Parkinsons, Amyotrophic
Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), CV disease, HTN, HLD, DM,
ischemic heart disease, HF, OSA. Lipid perioxidation,
damage proteins, fragment DNA, less *protein synthesis*,
chromatin destruction, damage mitochondria
What is the body's defense against ROS? - ANSWER-
Antioxidants (Vitamin E, Vitamin C, cysteine, glutathione,
albumin, ceruloplasmin, transferrin)
,How are free radicals produced? - ANSWER-1. Normal
cellular respiration
2. Absorption of extreme energy sources (radiation, UV
light)
3. Metabolism of exogenous chemicals, drugs, and
pesticides
4. Transition of metals
5. Nitric oxide acting like a chemical mediator and a free
radical
action potential - ANSWER-Process of conducting an
impulse. Activates the neuron --> the neuron depolarizes --
> then repolarizes
,Threshold potential - ANSWER-Point at which
depolarization must reach in order to initiate an action
potential
Hypokalemia and action potentials - ANSWER-
HYPERpolarized (more negative, ex. -100). Less
excitable. Decreased neuromuscular excitability:
weakness, smooth muscle atony, paresthesia, cardiac
dysrhythmias
Hyperkalemia and action potentials - ANSWER-
HYPOpolarized (more positive, ex: closer to 0). More
excitable. Peaked T waves.
, When resting membrane potential=threshold potential, it is
BAD = cardiac standstill, paresthesia, paralysis
Hypocalcemia and action potentials - ANSWER-Increased
permeability to Na+. More excitable. Tetany, hyperreflexia,
circumoral paresthesia, seizures, dysrhythmias.
Hypercalcemia and action potentials - ANSWER-
Decreased permeability to Na+. Less excitable.
Weakness, hyporeflexia, fatigue, lethargy, confusion,
encephalopathy, depressed T waves
Atrophy - ANSWER-Occurs as a result of decrease in
work load, pressure, use, blood supply, nutrition, hormonal
(Latest 2026/ 2027 Update) Real Comprehensive
Questions and Verified Answers | 100% Correct |
Already Graded A+
What can Reactive Oxygen Species cause? - ANSWER-
Heart disease, Alzheimers, Parkinsons, Amyotrophic
Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), CV disease, HTN, HLD, DM,
ischemic heart disease, HF, OSA. Lipid perioxidation,
damage proteins, fragment DNA, less *protein synthesis*,
chromatin destruction, damage mitochondria
What is the body's defense against ROS? - ANSWER-
Antioxidants (Vitamin E, Vitamin C, cysteine, glutathione,
albumin, ceruloplasmin, transferrin)
,How are free radicals produced? - ANSWER-1. Normal
cellular respiration
2. Absorption of extreme energy sources (radiation, UV
light)
3. Metabolism of exogenous chemicals, drugs, and
pesticides
4. Transition of metals
5. Nitric oxide acting like a chemical mediator and a free
radical
action potential - ANSWER-Process of conducting an
impulse. Activates the neuron --> the neuron depolarizes --
> then repolarizes
,Threshold potential - ANSWER-Point at which
depolarization must reach in order to initiate an action
potential
Hypokalemia and action potentials - ANSWER-
HYPERpolarized (more negative, ex. -100). Less
excitable. Decreased neuromuscular excitability:
weakness, smooth muscle atony, paresthesia, cardiac
dysrhythmias
Hyperkalemia and action potentials - ANSWER-
HYPOpolarized (more positive, ex: closer to 0). More
excitable. Peaked T waves.
, When resting membrane potential=threshold potential, it is
BAD = cardiac standstill, paresthesia, paralysis
Hypocalcemia and action potentials - ANSWER-Increased
permeability to Na+. More excitable. Tetany, hyperreflexia,
circumoral paresthesia, seizures, dysrhythmias.
Hypercalcemia and action potentials - ANSWER-
Decreased permeability to Na+. Less excitable.
Weakness, hyporeflexia, fatigue, lethargy, confusion,
encephalopathy, depressed T waves
Atrophy - ANSWER-Occurs as a result of decrease in
work load, pressure, use, blood supply, nutrition, hormonal
