Science Biology Anatomy
BIOL 251- Anatomy and Physiology Exam 1
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Anatomy the various structures of the body, what they look like, and their relationship to
one another
Gross Anatomy structures visible to the naked eye
Regional Anatomy specific regions of the body such as the head or chest
can find organs from different systems in the same region
systemic anatomy studies the anatomy of each functional body system
systems span across multiple regions
Microscopic Anatomy deals with structures too small to be seen with the naked eye
Cytology study of cells
Histology study of tissues
physiology how these individual body parts work (or function) on a normal level
principle of complementarity of structure and function what a structure can do is dependent on its form
bones are hard and hold up most of our body weight
chemical level of organization atoms and molecules
cellular level of organization smallest living unit of the body
cells function differently depending on where they are found
, tissue level of organization collections of 2 or more cells that carry out a similar function
Four Basic Types of Tissue epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous
organ any structure with two or more tissue types
Organ level of organization tissues operate together to perform a certain function
Organ System Level of organiztion multiple organs work together to accomplish a purpose
Organismal Level of Organization All organ systems working together to keep the organism alive
Necessary Life Function #1 - Maintaining Boundaries cell level --> cell membranes keep organelles together and separate intercellular
and extracellular fluid
organismal level --> skin holds us together, prevents water loss, and helps prevent
the entrance of pathogens
Necessary Life Function #2- Movement Cooperation of skeletal and muscular systems to coordinate actions
Necessary Life Function #3- Responsiveness (or Sensing environmental changes and responding to them
Excitability)
Are all cells responsive? yes to a certain extent, but CNS cells are the most responsive
Necessary Life Function #4- Digestion Food is broken down to simple molecules to be absorbed to blood and delivered
to various tissues
Necessary Life Function #5- Metabolism Catabolism, Anabolism, and Cellular Respiration
Catabolism breaking down
anabolism building up
cellular respiration ATP Production through glucose and oxygen
Necessary Life Function #6- Excretion Removal of Waste produced during digestive and metabolic functions
ex- Digestive waste, urine, respiratory release of CO2
Necessary Life Function #7- Reproduction Cell Level --> cells must divide for organism to survive
Organismal level --> Production of offspring
Necessary Life Function #8- Growth Increase in the number of body cells, or increase in size of individual cells
themselves
anabolic rate must be greater than catabolic rate
BIOL 251- Anatomy and Physiology Exam 1
Save
Students also studied
PN Adult Medical Surgical Online Pr... Glaziers review test ATI PN ADULT MED SURG PROCTO... Basic D
90 terms 124 terms Teacher 91 terms 31 terms
sugarDee2 Preview Steph3797 Preview CAR12983 Preview cou
Anatomy the various structures of the body, what they look like, and their relationship to
one another
Gross Anatomy structures visible to the naked eye
Regional Anatomy specific regions of the body such as the head or chest
can find organs from different systems in the same region
systemic anatomy studies the anatomy of each functional body system
systems span across multiple regions
Microscopic Anatomy deals with structures too small to be seen with the naked eye
Cytology study of cells
Histology study of tissues
physiology how these individual body parts work (or function) on a normal level
principle of complementarity of structure and function what a structure can do is dependent on its form
bones are hard and hold up most of our body weight
chemical level of organization atoms and molecules
cellular level of organization smallest living unit of the body
cells function differently depending on where they are found
, tissue level of organization collections of 2 or more cells that carry out a similar function
Four Basic Types of Tissue epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous
organ any structure with two or more tissue types
Organ level of organization tissues operate together to perform a certain function
Organ System Level of organiztion multiple organs work together to accomplish a purpose
Organismal Level of Organization All organ systems working together to keep the organism alive
Necessary Life Function #1 - Maintaining Boundaries cell level --> cell membranes keep organelles together and separate intercellular
and extracellular fluid
organismal level --> skin holds us together, prevents water loss, and helps prevent
the entrance of pathogens
Necessary Life Function #2- Movement Cooperation of skeletal and muscular systems to coordinate actions
Necessary Life Function #3- Responsiveness (or Sensing environmental changes and responding to them
Excitability)
Are all cells responsive? yes to a certain extent, but CNS cells are the most responsive
Necessary Life Function #4- Digestion Food is broken down to simple molecules to be absorbed to blood and delivered
to various tissues
Necessary Life Function #5- Metabolism Catabolism, Anabolism, and Cellular Respiration
Catabolism breaking down
anabolism building up
cellular respiration ATP Production through glucose and oxygen
Necessary Life Function #6- Excretion Removal of Waste produced during digestive and metabolic functions
ex- Digestive waste, urine, respiratory release of CO2
Necessary Life Function #7- Reproduction Cell Level --> cells must divide for organism to survive
Organismal level --> Production of offspring
Necessary Life Function #8- Growth Increase in the number of body cells, or increase in size of individual cells
themselves
anabolic rate must be greater than catabolic rate
