LEV3701 EXAM PACK TEST PAPER 2026 STUDY
GUIDE REVIEW
◉ Types of Intention. Answer: Includes direct, indirect, and criminal
capacity.
◉ Common Law. Answer: Legal principles developed through court
decisions.
◉ Legislation Influence. Answer: Common law shaped by statutes
and English law.
◉ Primary Sources of Law. Answer: Legislation is the main source of
common law.
◉ Criminal Liability. Answer: Determined by legality of the alleged
conduct.
◉ Vague Crimes. Answer: Some crimes may lack clear legal
definitions.
◉ Moral vs Legal Wrong. Answer: Not all immoral acts are legally
prohibited.
,◉ Act vs Conduct. Answer: Conduct includes both acts and
omissions.
◉ Legal Duty to Act. Answer: Obligation to act if community
standards require.
◉ Perpetrator Definition. Answer: Can be human, animal, or
inanimate object.
◉ Legal Causation. Answer: Identifies the primary cause of an event.
◉ Adequate Causation Theory. Answer: An act is legal cause if it
prevents harm.
◉ Novus Actus Interveniens. Answer: An unexpected event affecting
liability outcomes.
◉ Private Defence. Answer: Self-defence applicable to protect
oneself or others.
◉ Putative Private Defence. Answer: Mistaken belief of acting in self-
defense.
,◉ Interests Protected by Private Defence. Answer: Life or physical
integrity can be defended.
◉ Necessity. Answer: Justification for actions taken to prevent harm.
◉ Emergency Termination. Answer: Necessity requires emergency
to be resolved soon.
◉ Legal Compulsion. Answer: Cannot claim necessity if legally
required to endure.
◉ Consent in Law. Answer: Agreement that may justify actions in
theft cases.
◉ Boni Mores. Answer: Societal legal convictions determining
consent validity.
◉ Coerced Consent. Answer: Consent under duress is still
considered voluntary.
◉ Obedience to Orders. Answer: Legal obligation to follow
superior's lawful commands.
, ◉ Ground of Justification. Answer: Legal basis for actions taken
under orders.
◉ Criminal Capacity. Answer: Mental ability to incur criminal
liability.
◉ Defenses Excluding Criminal Capacity. Answer: Mental illness and
youthful age are key defenses.
◉ Forms of Culpability. Answer: Intention and causation define
criminal responsibility.
◉ Direct Intention. Answer: Causing the result is the main aim.
◉ Conative Element of Intention. Answer: Knowledge and
awareness of the act's unlawfulness.
◉ Forms of Intention. Answer: Includes direct, indirect, and dolus
eventualis.
◉ Indirect Intention. Answer: Result is a foreseeable consequence of
the act.
GUIDE REVIEW
◉ Types of Intention. Answer: Includes direct, indirect, and criminal
capacity.
◉ Common Law. Answer: Legal principles developed through court
decisions.
◉ Legislation Influence. Answer: Common law shaped by statutes
and English law.
◉ Primary Sources of Law. Answer: Legislation is the main source of
common law.
◉ Criminal Liability. Answer: Determined by legality of the alleged
conduct.
◉ Vague Crimes. Answer: Some crimes may lack clear legal
definitions.
◉ Moral vs Legal Wrong. Answer: Not all immoral acts are legally
prohibited.
,◉ Act vs Conduct. Answer: Conduct includes both acts and
omissions.
◉ Legal Duty to Act. Answer: Obligation to act if community
standards require.
◉ Perpetrator Definition. Answer: Can be human, animal, or
inanimate object.
◉ Legal Causation. Answer: Identifies the primary cause of an event.
◉ Adequate Causation Theory. Answer: An act is legal cause if it
prevents harm.
◉ Novus Actus Interveniens. Answer: An unexpected event affecting
liability outcomes.
◉ Private Defence. Answer: Self-defence applicable to protect
oneself or others.
◉ Putative Private Defence. Answer: Mistaken belief of acting in self-
defense.
,◉ Interests Protected by Private Defence. Answer: Life or physical
integrity can be defended.
◉ Necessity. Answer: Justification for actions taken to prevent harm.
◉ Emergency Termination. Answer: Necessity requires emergency
to be resolved soon.
◉ Legal Compulsion. Answer: Cannot claim necessity if legally
required to endure.
◉ Consent in Law. Answer: Agreement that may justify actions in
theft cases.
◉ Boni Mores. Answer: Societal legal convictions determining
consent validity.
◉ Coerced Consent. Answer: Consent under duress is still
considered voluntary.
◉ Obedience to Orders. Answer: Legal obligation to follow
superior's lawful commands.
, ◉ Ground of Justification. Answer: Legal basis for actions taken
under orders.
◉ Criminal Capacity. Answer: Mental ability to incur criminal
liability.
◉ Defenses Excluding Criminal Capacity. Answer: Mental illness and
youthful age are key defenses.
◉ Forms of Culpability. Answer: Intention and causation define
criminal responsibility.
◉ Direct Intention. Answer: Causing the result is the main aim.
◉ Conative Element of Intention. Answer: Knowledge and
awareness of the act's unlawfulness.
◉ Forms of Intention. Answer: Includes direct, indirect, and dolus
eventualis.
◉ Indirect Intention. Answer: Result is a foreseeable consequence of
the act.
