NURS 208 Pathophysiology Final Exam (Updated) – College of Mount Saint Vincent

NURS 208 Pathophysiology Final Exam 1. The movement of a solvent (water) across the cell membrane from an area low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration is called: 2. The movement of a solute from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration is called: 3. Which of the following statements is false about autosomal dominant disorders? 4. In contrast to a malignant tumor, benign tumor: 5. A lung biopsy has confirmed the presence of benign lung tumors in a patient. Which of the following characteristic is associated with these patients’ neoplasm? 6. What causes the depolarization and repolarization during an action potential? 7. Which of the following are examples of a negative feedback system? (select all that apply) 8. When a reason for disease or etiology is from an unintended effect of medical treatment this is called? 9. Which of the following physical effects is not a part of an inflammatory response at a site? 10. Which of the following is not a part of the inflammatory response at a site? 11. Which of the following is considered innate immunity? (select all) 12. Which of the following is not considered an innate defense/immunity? 13. Which of the following is an example of artificial active immunity? 14. Acquire Immunity: 15. HIV infection causes immunodeficiency because of it: 16. The nurse recognizes which the following indicates of diagnosis of AIDs by the CDC? 17. The nurse is teaching a community health class about the immune system. The nurse asks the class to list various functions of B cell in immunity. Which of the following is the best response by students? 18. Main types of WBCs info, not a question 19. Which type of WBC is the most abundant number and serves as first responders against invading pathogens that primarily function to phagocytizes bacteria? 20. Pernicious anemia - info only, not question 21. Cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12) deficiency is found in? 22. Considering the normal hemoglobin and hematocrit ratio: if a female adult had a hemoglobin of 12 g/dl her hematocrit will likely be? 23. Anemia is diagnosed in females when hematocrit is less than 24. A client presents to the emergency department with nausea, vomiting and severe headache. The patient is diagnosed with cerebral edema. Which of the following intravenous solution would you anticipate to be ordered to manage this condition? 25. The healthcare provider orders an IV infusion of hypotonic solution. The nurse knows an appropriate IV solution to administer will be: 26. Isotonic: 27. Which of the following electrolytes is most abundant/prevalent within the intracellular fluid compartments? 28. The primarily intracellular cation is 29. The primarily intracellular anion is 30. Interpret the following arterial blood gas analysis: ph 7.48, paCO2 = 52mmHg, HCO3 = 31mEq/L 31. Interpret the following arterial blood gas analysis: pH = 7.51, PaCO2 = 42mmHg, HCO3 =32mEq/L 32. Which of the following is the least likely manifestation of Cushing syndrome? 33. Diabetes types 34. Which of the following laboratory test results indicated hyperthyroidism 35. A 75-year-old mal present to the Ed with elevated serum level of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine. The provider determines his long term use of furosemide(diuretics) caused acute kidney injury. The cause of the AKI is categorized: 36. A 75-year-old mal present to the Ed with elevated serum level of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine. The provider determines his long-standing benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) caused acute kidney injury (AKI). the cause of the AKI classified as 37. Which of the following hormone is synthesized by the kidneys in response to hypoxia and stimulate the bone marrow to produce red blood cells (RBCs)? 38. Hormones synthesized by the kidneys 39. Which of the following “clinical manifestation management” match is least likely recommended for nephrotic syndrome? 40. What is the hallmark clinical manifestation of nephrotic syndrome? 41. Which of the following is true about the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAA) system? 42. ADH is made by the ______stored and secreted from ________gland. 43. ADH alters tubular reabsorption increasing fluid volume by ____________ (vasoconstriction) a. 44. The most accurate indicator of fluid loss or gain is 45. The wave of an electrocardiogram (ECG): 46. Conduction system 47. The ability of the myocardial cells to generate an impulse to contract without external nerves stimulus is called 48. Stenosis of the heart valve means 49. What are the findings in a patient’s who have right-sided heart failure? select all that apply 50. Left-sided heart failure is a result of ineffective left ventricular contractility and pulmonary congestion develops as blood backs up in the lungs. 51. What is atherosclerosis? 52. Baroreceptors located in the carotid responds to _______ in the circulating blood volume by stimulating the _______ nervous system and releasing epinephrine, which leads to increase blood pressure and heart rate 53. Baroreceptors also knowns as 54. Which of the following pressure measurement is considered as hypertension stage I according to American heart association (AHA) blood pressure category 55. Which of the following is the less likely response in the compensatory stage of shock? 56. Vomitus (Emesis) (info) 57. Which of the following is the by-product of anaerobic respirations due to oxygen supply reproduction to the myocardium? 58. A 7-year old female complains of chest pain when she exerts herself but is relieved by rest. What should the nurse most likely suspect? 59. Which of the following statement is false about the intestine? 60. A 62-year-old female who has a history of chronic peptic ulcer present to the emergency department with coffee ground vomitus. The client asks the nurse why the color is so dark. The best response from the nurse is: 61. A 48-year-old male is admitted to the hospital with obstruction cholelithiasis. Which of the following clinical manifestation will the nurse least likely expect? 62. A 52-year-old female is admitted to the hospital with obstructing cholelithiasis. Which of the following clinical manifestation will the nurse least likely expect? 63. The nurse is taking care of a client with cirrhosis. Which of the following clinical manifestations is due to ammonia accumulation? 64. Ammonia is converted into: 65. Which of the following statements about the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve is false? 66. A respiratory patient is asked to breathe in as deeply as possible during the pulmonary function test. The inspiration for air is normally the result of which of the following phenomenon? 67. Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation Curve 68. The Right shift of the curve only occurs when there is a need, it doesn’t occur when theres is high affinity for Hemoglobin : statement 69. Which of the following is true about expiration? 70. Which of the following is false about surfactant as a protective mechanism 71. Respiratory system protective mechanism 72. Mucus is thick, sticky substances produced by the ______ cells in the epithelial lining of the nose 73. Lung capacity 74. The sum of the tidal volume and reserves is the 75. Infectious rhinitis 76. Which of the following is the common cause of rhinosinusitis 77. The most common cause of bacterial pneumonia? 78. Tuberculosis 79. What is the problem with asthma from COPD 80. Asthma is a chronic pulmonary disease that produces irreversible small airway obstruction 81. Cigarette smoking is the most significant cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)? 82. Which of the following clinical manifestation is least likely COPD? 83. Which of the following clinical manifestations is least likely COPD? 84. Which of the following glial cells produce myelin sheath in the neurons of the central nervous system? 85. Nodes of Ranvier, how do they function? 86. Cerebral spinal fluid 87. Which of the following neurotransmitters is released from the postganglionic neuron when the sympathetic NS is activated? 88. Which of the following statements is false about the peripheral nervous system?