FNDY – Electrical Circuits & Basic Electronics
Foundations Comprehensive 2026 Practice
Examination with Expert Answers and
Rationales
1. The unit of electric current is:
A) Volt
B) Ohm
C) Ampere
D) Watt
Rationale: Current is measured in amperes (A), representing the
flow of charge per second.
2. The formula for Ohm’s law is:
A) V = IR²
B) V = I/R
C) V = IR
D) V = I + R
Rationale: Ohm’s law states that voltage (V) across a resistor
equals current (I) times resistance (R).
3. If a resistor of 10 Ω has a current of 2 A passing through it, the
voltage across it is:
A) 5 V
B) 10 V
, C) 20 V
D) 12 V
Rationale: Using V = IR → V = 2 × 10 = 20 V.
4. The power dissipated in a resistor can be calculated using:
A) P = VI
B) P = I²R
C) P = V²/R
D) All of the above
Rationale: All three formulas can be used depending on the
known quantities.
5. The resistance of a conductor increases with:
A) Decreasing temperature
B) Increasing cross-sectional area
C) Increasing temperature
D) Decreasing length
Rationale: For most conductors, resistance increases with
temperature due to increased collisions of electrons.
6. The energy stored in a capacitor is given by:
A) ½ CV²
B) CV
C) ½ CV²
D) C²V
Rationale: Capacitor energy is ½ C × V².
7. The SI unit of inductance is:
A) Ohm
B) Farad
C) Henry
, D) Tesla
Rationale: Inductance is measured in henries (H).
8. In series circuits:
A) Voltage is the same across all components
B) Current divides among branches
C) Current is the same through all components
D) Resistance decreases with added resistors
Rationale: In series, current is constant through all elements.
9. A parallel circuit has:
A) Same current through all branches
B) Same voltage across all branches
C) Total resistance equal to the sum of all resistances
D) None of the above
Rationale: In parallel circuits, voltage is the same across each
branch.
10. The reciprocal of resistance in parallel gives:
A) Conductance
B) Total resistance formula
C) Capacitance
D) Inductance
Rationale: 1/R_total = 1/R₁ + 1/R₂ + … defines the total
resistance in parallel.
11–20: DC Circuits
11. Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL) states that:
A) Sum of voltages in a loop is zero
Foundations Comprehensive 2026 Practice
Examination with Expert Answers and
Rationales
1. The unit of electric current is:
A) Volt
B) Ohm
C) Ampere
D) Watt
Rationale: Current is measured in amperes (A), representing the
flow of charge per second.
2. The formula for Ohm’s law is:
A) V = IR²
B) V = I/R
C) V = IR
D) V = I + R
Rationale: Ohm’s law states that voltage (V) across a resistor
equals current (I) times resistance (R).
3. If a resistor of 10 Ω has a current of 2 A passing through it, the
voltage across it is:
A) 5 V
B) 10 V
, C) 20 V
D) 12 V
Rationale: Using V = IR → V = 2 × 10 = 20 V.
4. The power dissipated in a resistor can be calculated using:
A) P = VI
B) P = I²R
C) P = V²/R
D) All of the above
Rationale: All three formulas can be used depending on the
known quantities.
5. The resistance of a conductor increases with:
A) Decreasing temperature
B) Increasing cross-sectional area
C) Increasing temperature
D) Decreasing length
Rationale: For most conductors, resistance increases with
temperature due to increased collisions of electrons.
6. The energy stored in a capacitor is given by:
A) ½ CV²
B) CV
C) ½ CV²
D) C²V
Rationale: Capacitor energy is ½ C × V².
7. The SI unit of inductance is:
A) Ohm
B) Farad
C) Henry
, D) Tesla
Rationale: Inductance is measured in henries (H).
8. In series circuits:
A) Voltage is the same across all components
B) Current divides among branches
C) Current is the same through all components
D) Resistance decreases with added resistors
Rationale: In series, current is constant through all elements.
9. A parallel circuit has:
A) Same current through all branches
B) Same voltage across all branches
C) Total resistance equal to the sum of all resistances
D) None of the above
Rationale: In parallel circuits, voltage is the same across each
branch.
10. The reciprocal of resistance in parallel gives:
A) Conductance
B) Total resistance formula
C) Capacitance
D) Inductance
Rationale: 1/R_total = 1/R₁ + 1/R₂ + … defines the total
resistance in parallel.
11–20: DC Circuits
11. Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL) states that:
A) Sum of voltages in a loop is zero
