NSG 533 Adv Pathophysiology Exam 1.pdf

NSGsd533sdAdvsdPathophysiologysdExamsd1


Whatsdaresdthesdfivesdcomponentssdofsdpathophysiology?sd-sdcorrectsdanswer
✔ ✔ etiology

pidemiology
pathogenesis
clinicalsdmanifestations
outcomes


Etiologysd-sdcorrectsdanswer✔ ✔ Causativesdfactor

-simple
-complex
-idiopathic
-iatrogenic


Epidemiologysd-sdcorrectsdanswer✔ ✔
Patternssdinsdpopulationssdofsdpeoplesdandsdtheirsdcharacteristics
-incidence
-prevalence


Incidencesd-sdcorrectsdanswer✔ ✔ New

,Prevalencesd-sdcorrectsdanswer✔ ✔ Existingsdandsdnew;sdtotal



Pathogenesissd-sdcorrectsdanswer✔ ✔
Sequencesdofsdeventssdfromsdstimulussdofsddiseasesdandsdmanifestations



Clinicalsdmanifestationssd-sdcorrectsdanswer✔ ✔
Signssd(assessment,sddefinitive)


Symptomssd(experiencedsdbysdpt,sdsubjective)


Outcomessd-sdcorrectsdanswer✔ ✔
Cure,sdremission,sdchronicity,sdorsddeath
-notsdspecificallysdtreatment


Primarysdpreventionsd-sdcorrectsdanswer✔ ✔
Preventingsdinitialsdoccurrence


Secondarysdpreventionsd-sdcorrectsdanswer✔ ✔
Detectionsdandsdscreening

,Tertiarysdpreventionsd-sdcorrectsdanswer✔ ✔
Treatingsdorsdreducingsdrelapse/disability/chronicity


Whatsdaresdthesd4sdcommonsdmechanismssdofsdcellsdinjurysdandsddeath?sd-
sdcorrectsdanswer✔ ✔ 1.sdATPsddepletion

2.sdO2sdandsdoxygen-derivedsdfreesdradicals
3.sdIntracellularsdcalciumsdandsdlosssdofsdsteadysdstate
4.sdMembranesdpermeabilitysddefect


WhatsdissdATPsddepletion?sd-sdcorrectsdanswer✔ ✔
InabilitysdofsdcellsdtosdproducesdadequatesdATPsdtosdfuelsdnormalsdactivities
-mostsdcommon:sdhypoxia


Howsddoessdhypoxiasdaffectsdcellularsdenergysdproduction?sd-sdcorrectsdanswer
✔ ✔
Hypoxiasdleadssdtosdthesdinabilitysdtosdperformsdoxidativesdphosphorylations
d(aerobic)sdandsdglycolysissd(anaerobic)sdkickssdin




WhatsdaresdthesdconsequencessdofsdATPsddepletionsdinsdtermssdofsdionsdregulati
on?sd-sdcorrectsdanswer✔ ✔
ATPsddepletionsdleadssdtosdthesdfailuresdofsdthesdNaKsdpump,sdcausingsdthesdle
akagesdofsdNa+sdandsdCa2+sdintosdthesdcell,sdandsdthesdproductionsdofsdlactate

, HowsddoessdNaKsdpumpsdfailuresdimpactsdthesdcell?sd-sdcorrectsdanswer✔ ✔
NasdnormallysdoutsidesdandsdKsdnormallysdinside


Na+sdleakssdinsdandsdpumpsdcan'tsdmaintainsdbalance


Watersdfollows,sdcellsdandsdcontentssdswells



WhatsddoessdasddropsdinsdpHsddosdtosdthesdcell?sd-sdcorrectsdanswer✔ ✔
Pyknosis,sdkaryorrhexis,sdandsdkaryolysis


Disruptionsdofsdcellsdmembranesdallowingsdcalciumsdinflux


Pyknosissd-sdcorrectsdanswer✔ ✔
ClumpingsdofsdnuclearsdmaterialsdassdasdresultsdofsdasddropsdinsdpH


Karyorrhexissd-sdcorrectsdanswer✔ ✔
Fragmentationsdofsdnuclearsdmaterial



Karyolysissd-sdcorrectsdanswer✔ ✔ Dissolutionsdofsdnuclearsdmaterial