SOLUBILITY RULES
Solubility Dissociation Conductivity Litmus Tests
N Ionic Soluble in water (aq)
N Molecular Insoluble Not conductive
Acids Soluble in water SA: >99% SA: High red → red
WA: <1% WA: Low blue → red
Bases Soluble in water SB: >99% SB: High blue → blue
WB: <1% WB: Low blue → red
Elements Soluble and High
Insoluble
Empirical: A statement in terms of observable properties.
Theoretical: Relating to explanations and involving non-observable properties.
⭐︎soluble: (aq) → dissolved in water
insoluble: (s)
● Concentration Calculations (g/mL)
PPM
mass of solute x1000000 = ppm
volume of solution
% Concentration
mass of solute x100 =%
volume of solution
N = CV
n → mole (mol)
c → concentration (mol/L)
v → volume (L)
m = Mn
m → mass (g)
M → molar mass (g/moL)
n → mole (mol)
Finding Concentration Ions: Dissociation Equation and Mole Ratio
Solubility Dissociation Conductivity Litmus Tests
N Ionic Soluble in water (aq)
N Molecular Insoluble Not conductive
Acids Soluble in water SA: >99% SA: High red → red
WA: <1% WA: Low blue → red
Bases Soluble in water SB: >99% SB: High blue → blue
WB: <1% WB: Low blue → red
Elements Soluble and High
Insoluble
Empirical: A statement in terms of observable properties.
Theoretical: Relating to explanations and involving non-observable properties.
⭐︎soluble: (aq) → dissolved in water
insoluble: (s)
● Concentration Calculations (g/mL)
PPM
mass of solute x1000000 = ppm
volume of solution
% Concentration
mass of solute x100 =%
volume of solution
N = CV
n → mole (mol)
c → concentration (mol/L)
v → volume (L)
m = Mn
m → mass (g)
M → molar mass (g/moL)
n → mole (mol)
Finding Concentration Ions: Dissociation Equation and Mole Ratio
