PN 4003 Midterm Exam Review | Practical Nursing Test Prep
if co2 increases, whats the result in ph? - (answer)it becomes acidic
if co2 increases, what does your body do? - (answer)increases resp rate to remove co2
what is shock? - (answer)A failure of the circulatory system to support vital body functions. inadequate
tissue perfusion.
neurogenic shock - (answer)Circulatory failure caused by paralysis of the nerves that control the size of
the blood vessels, leading to widespread dilation; seen in patients with spinal cord injuries.
hypovolemic shock - (answer)shock resulting from blood or fluid loss
caused by bleeding/hemorrhage, severe vomiting, severe diarrhea, third-spacing
cardiogenic shock - (answer)Shock caused by inadequate function of the heart, or pump failure.
anaphylactic shock - (answer)A severe reaction that occurs when an allergen is introduced to the
bloodstream of an allergic individual. Characterized by bronchoconstriction, labored breathing,
widespread vasodilation, circulatory shock, and sometimes sudden death.
septic shock - (answer)Shock caused by severe infection, usually a bacterial infection.
stages of shock - (answer)-Compensated
-Decompensated
-Irreversible
what % of blood/fluid loss is hypovolemic shock? - (answer)15%
hypokalemia - (answer)Low potassium levels in the blood.
,PN 4003 Midterm Exam Review | Practical Nursing Test Prep
hypokalemia s/s - (answer)Fatigue, Anorexia, N/V, Muscle weakness, Decreased GI motility,
Dysrhythmias, Paresthesia, Flat T waves on ECG
which electrolytes relate to osmotic pressure? - (answer)sodium, chloride, potassium, calcium,
magnesium, and phosphate
calciums role in the body - (answer)- 99% of calcium in the body is found in solid mineral deposits in the
bones and teeth
- the remaining 1% is found in intracellular fluid, blood and extracellular fluid
- calcium found in the body's fluid plays a role in nerve transmission, muscle contractions, blood
pressure regulation and the release of hormones
hypercalcemia s/s - (answer)Muscle weakness, Constipation, Anorexia, N/V, Polyuria, Polydipsia,
Neurosis, Dysrhythmias,
hypocalcemia s/s - (answer)C.A.T.S.
C - Convulsions
A- Arrhythmias
T - Tetany (involuntary contraction of muscles)
S - Spasms and stridor
sensible fluid loss - (answer)Measurable and perceived; urine, diarrhea, ostomy, gastric drainage.
insensible fluid loss - (answer)Occurs daily through lungs and skin--cannot be measured for accurate
output
hypervolemia s/s - (answer)-Hypertension
-Bounding pulse
-JVD
, PN 4003 Midterm Exam Review | Practical Nursing Test Prep
-Peripheral edema
-↑ urine output that is dilute
-Acute, rapid weight gain
-S3 heart sound in adults
-Bulging fontanels in infants
-Crackles on auscultation
-Dyspnea, cough and increased RR
-Mental status changes (headache, confusion, lethargy; seizures possible)
what is urine specific gravity? - (answer)The ratio of weight of a given volume of urine to the weight of
the same volume of distilled water at a constant temperature
normal urine specific gravity - (answer)1.005 - 1.030
Dehydration - High (concentrated)
Overhydration - Low (dilute)
Diabetes insipidus - Low (inability to concentrate urine)
Diabetes mellitus - High (due to glucose in urine)
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) - Fixed, often around 1.010 (loss of concentration ability)
Proteinuria (e.g., nephrotic syndrome) - High
Heart failure - High (due to reduced perfusion to kidneys)
what is creatine - (answer)A naturally occurring compound produced by your body that helps muscles
produce energy and delays muscle fatigue.
normal creatine levels - (answer)0.6-1.2 mg/dL
if co2 increases, whats the result in ph? - (answer)it becomes acidic
if co2 increases, what does your body do? - (answer)increases resp rate to remove co2
what is shock? - (answer)A failure of the circulatory system to support vital body functions. inadequate
tissue perfusion.
neurogenic shock - (answer)Circulatory failure caused by paralysis of the nerves that control the size of
the blood vessels, leading to widespread dilation; seen in patients with spinal cord injuries.
hypovolemic shock - (answer)shock resulting from blood or fluid loss
caused by bleeding/hemorrhage, severe vomiting, severe diarrhea, third-spacing
cardiogenic shock - (answer)Shock caused by inadequate function of the heart, or pump failure.
anaphylactic shock - (answer)A severe reaction that occurs when an allergen is introduced to the
bloodstream of an allergic individual. Characterized by bronchoconstriction, labored breathing,
widespread vasodilation, circulatory shock, and sometimes sudden death.
septic shock - (answer)Shock caused by severe infection, usually a bacterial infection.
stages of shock - (answer)-Compensated
-Decompensated
-Irreversible
what % of blood/fluid loss is hypovolemic shock? - (answer)15%
hypokalemia - (answer)Low potassium levels in the blood.
,PN 4003 Midterm Exam Review | Practical Nursing Test Prep
hypokalemia s/s - (answer)Fatigue, Anorexia, N/V, Muscle weakness, Decreased GI motility,
Dysrhythmias, Paresthesia, Flat T waves on ECG
which electrolytes relate to osmotic pressure? - (answer)sodium, chloride, potassium, calcium,
magnesium, and phosphate
calciums role in the body - (answer)- 99% of calcium in the body is found in solid mineral deposits in the
bones and teeth
- the remaining 1% is found in intracellular fluid, blood and extracellular fluid
- calcium found in the body's fluid plays a role in nerve transmission, muscle contractions, blood
pressure regulation and the release of hormones
hypercalcemia s/s - (answer)Muscle weakness, Constipation, Anorexia, N/V, Polyuria, Polydipsia,
Neurosis, Dysrhythmias,
hypocalcemia s/s - (answer)C.A.T.S.
C - Convulsions
A- Arrhythmias
T - Tetany (involuntary contraction of muscles)
S - Spasms and stridor
sensible fluid loss - (answer)Measurable and perceived; urine, diarrhea, ostomy, gastric drainage.
insensible fluid loss - (answer)Occurs daily through lungs and skin--cannot be measured for accurate
output
hypervolemia s/s - (answer)-Hypertension
-Bounding pulse
-JVD
, PN 4003 Midterm Exam Review | Practical Nursing Test Prep
-Peripheral edema
-↑ urine output that is dilute
-Acute, rapid weight gain
-S3 heart sound in adults
-Bulging fontanels in infants
-Crackles on auscultation
-Dyspnea, cough and increased RR
-Mental status changes (headache, confusion, lethargy; seizures possible)
what is urine specific gravity? - (answer)The ratio of weight of a given volume of urine to the weight of
the same volume of distilled water at a constant temperature
normal urine specific gravity - (answer)1.005 - 1.030
Dehydration - High (concentrated)
Overhydration - Low (dilute)
Diabetes insipidus - Low (inability to concentrate urine)
Diabetes mellitus - High (due to glucose in urine)
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) - Fixed, often around 1.010 (loss of concentration ability)
Proteinuria (e.g., nephrotic syndrome) - High
Heart failure - High (due to reduced perfusion to kidneys)
what is creatine - (answer)A naturally occurring compound produced by your body that helps muscles
produce energy and delays muscle fatigue.
normal creatine levels - (answer)0.6-1.2 mg/dL
