1
PCOL 390 Test 3 Questions and
Answers (100% Correct Answers)
Already Graded A+
major glands of the endocrine system Ans: Pineal
© 2026 Assignment
Pituitary
Guru01 - Stuvia
Parathyroid
Expert
Thyroid
Adrenal
Pancreas
Gonads
Endocrine system Ans: "A chemical messenger system
comprising feedback loops of hormones
released by
glands directly into the circulatory system that regulate
distant target
organs."
, 2
endocrine signaling Ans: hormone secretion into blood by
endocrine gland -> distant target cells
paracrine signaling Ans: Signal released from a cell has an
effect on neighboring cells.
-targets adjacent cell (secretory cells)
autocrine signaling Ans: the target cell is also the secreting
cell
© 2026 Assignment
Signaling by plasma membrane-attached proteins Ans:
Membrane-bound proteins can interact (signal) with adjacent
Guru01 - Stuvia
target cell
Expert
pituitary gland Ans: 'master gland'
-plays role directly or by proxy in every physiological process
(metabolism, kidney func, BP, pregnancy/childbirth, temp,
pain management)
anterior pituitary Ans: adenohypophysis
-largest portion of glad
-controls hGH, ACTH, TSH, LH, FSH, prolactin
posterior pituitary Ans: neurohypophysis
-extension of hypothalamus
-controls storage of ADH or vasopressin, oxytocin
, 3
Two types of pituitary hormones Ans: Tropic: actions are
specific for another endocrine gland
Direct effectors: acts directly on peripheral tissue
Growth hormone Ans: -secreted from pituitary
-Amphibolic (both catabolic and anabolic processes
-transition from fed->fasting
© 2026 Assignment
-effects insulin on glucose metabolism (provides hepatic
Guru01 - Stuvia
gluconeogenesis, stimulates lipolysis)
Expert
-stimulates insulin-like growth factors
-enhances protein synthesis in muscle and tissue
-screened by WADA at olympics
-levels vary throughout day, and spike at night
-GH plateaus in young adult life (progressive decline with
aging leads to loss of muscle mass/aerobic capacity and
increased abdominal fat)
Growth hormone reference range Ans: men: <5 ng/l
women: < 10 ng/mL
children: 0-20 ng/L
How to test GH Ans: elisa (sandwich complex)
PCOL 390 Test 3 Questions and
Answers (100% Correct Answers)
Already Graded A+
major glands of the endocrine system Ans: Pineal
© 2026 Assignment
Pituitary
Guru01 - Stuvia
Parathyroid
Expert
Thyroid
Adrenal
Pancreas
Gonads
Endocrine system Ans: "A chemical messenger system
comprising feedback loops of hormones
released by
glands directly into the circulatory system that regulate
distant target
organs."
, 2
endocrine signaling Ans: hormone secretion into blood by
endocrine gland -> distant target cells
paracrine signaling Ans: Signal released from a cell has an
effect on neighboring cells.
-targets adjacent cell (secretory cells)
autocrine signaling Ans: the target cell is also the secreting
cell
© 2026 Assignment
Signaling by plasma membrane-attached proteins Ans:
Membrane-bound proteins can interact (signal) with adjacent
Guru01 - Stuvia
target cell
Expert
pituitary gland Ans: 'master gland'
-plays role directly or by proxy in every physiological process
(metabolism, kidney func, BP, pregnancy/childbirth, temp,
pain management)
anterior pituitary Ans: adenohypophysis
-largest portion of glad
-controls hGH, ACTH, TSH, LH, FSH, prolactin
posterior pituitary Ans: neurohypophysis
-extension of hypothalamus
-controls storage of ADH or vasopressin, oxytocin
, 3
Two types of pituitary hormones Ans: Tropic: actions are
specific for another endocrine gland
Direct effectors: acts directly on peripheral tissue
Growth hormone Ans: -secreted from pituitary
-Amphibolic (both catabolic and anabolic processes
-transition from fed->fasting
© 2026 Assignment
-effects insulin on glucose metabolism (provides hepatic
Guru01 - Stuvia
gluconeogenesis, stimulates lipolysis)
Expert
-stimulates insulin-like growth factors
-enhances protein synthesis in muscle and tissue
-screened by WADA at olympics
-levels vary throughout day, and spike at night
-GH plateaus in young adult life (progressive decline with
aging leads to loss of muscle mass/aerobic capacity and
increased abdominal fat)
Growth hormone reference range Ans: men: <5 ng/l
women: < 10 ng/mL
children: 0-20 ng/L
How to test GH Ans: elisa (sandwich complex)
