NURSING FUNDAMENTAL PROCEDURE
EXAM PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
2026/2027
The nurse is changing the dressing, injection caps, and IV tubing of a
client who is receiving total parenteral nutrition through a right
peripherally inserted central venous catheter. The nurse should
implement what actions to prevent complications during this
procedure? Select all that apply.
Instruct the client to hold the breath when changing the injection caps
and tubing
Instruct the client to keep the head to the right side during the
dressing change
.
Perform hand hygiene before and after the procedure
Place the client in the Trendelenburg position before the procedure
Wear sterile gloves and a surgical mask when changing the dressing
Peripherally inserted central venous catheters (PICC) are commonly used
for long-term antibiotic administration, chemotherapy treatments, and
nutritional support with total parenteral nutrition (TPN).
Complications related to the PICC are occlusion of the catheter,
phlebitis, air embolism, and infection due to bacterial contamination.
Prior to a central line dressing change, the nurse performs hand
hygiene (Option 3).
The central line dressing change is performed using sterile
technique with the nurse wearing a mask to prevent contamination of the
site with microorganisms or respiratory secretions (Option 5).
During injection cap and tubing changes, the client is instructed to hold
the breath (or perform the Valsalva maneuver) to prevent air from
entering the line, traveling to the heart, and forming an air
embolism (Option 1).
,(Option 2) When performing the dressing change, the client should be
instructed to turn the head away from the PICC site to prevent potential
contamination of the insertion site by microorganisms from the client's
respiratory tract.
(Option 4) During dressing, injection caps, and tubing changes, the
client is placed in the supine position.
If an air embolism is suspected, the client should be placed in the
Trendelenburg position (head down) on the left side, causing any existing
air to rise and become trapped in the right atrium.
Educational objective:
The central line dressing change is performed using a sterile technique
that includes wearing sterile gloves and mask to prevent contamination of
the site with microorganisms or respiratory secretions.
During injection cap, tubing, and dressing changes, the client is instructed
to turn the head away from the peripherally inserted central venous
catheter site to prevent site contamination by the client's respiratory
secretions.
During cap/tubing changes, the client is instructed to hold the breath (or
perform the Valsalva maneuver) to prevent air from entering the line,
traveling to the heart, and forming an air embolism.
The nurse is evaluating a return demonstration by the client of a dry
dressing change. Which action by the client would cause the nurse
to intervene?
Client applies sterile adhesive dressing over gauze without touching
the wound bed
Client applies sterile gauze moistened with sterile saline to wound
surface
Client cleanses site with a sterile saline swab in a spiral pattern from
the center out
Client removes old dressing with clean gloves and checks site for
signs of infection
,Prior to discharge, the nurse must evaluate the client's ability to
perform home wound care.
When performing a simple dry dressingchange, the client should:
• Don clean gloves and perform hand hygiene before and after
removing the old dressing
• Cleanse the wound bed using sterile saline (or a prescribed
cleanser) by moving from "clean" to "dirty," or from the center of
the wound outward (Option 3)
• Thoroughly dry the wound and surrounding skin using sterile
gauze to prevent maceration (breakdown) of underlying tissues
• Monitor the site for signs of infection (eg, redness, warmth,
purulent drainage) (Option 4)
• Apply dry, sterile gauze over the wound bed
• Cover the gauze with an occlusive sterile dressing to keep gauze
in place and maintain asepsis. The covering should be applied
without touching the wound bed (Option 1)
(Option 2) When performing a dry dressing change, the client must
make sure that the bandaging materials applied (ie, gauze) are dry.
Sterile gauze moistened with sterile saline is used for wet-to-dry dressing
changes and is not appropriate for a dry dressing change.
Educational objective:
The nurse must evaluate a client's ability to perform home wound care
before discharge.
, Instructions for a dry dressing change should include performing hand
hygiene, properly cleansing the wound bed, drying the wound,
monitoring for signs of infection, and securing a dry, sterile dressing to
the wound surface.
A nurse is assisting with the care of a newborn during circumcision.
Which is an appropriate intervention?
Apply a snug-fitting diaper following the procedure
Anticipate the use of clean technique during the circumcision
Offer oral fluids during the procedure
Wrap the newborn's upper body in a blanket restraint for the
circumcision
Application of a blanket restraint or the use of a special board prevents
injury during circumcision.
Swaddling and the use of non-nutritive sucking are nonpharmacologic
approaches to manage pain during circumcision.
(Option 1) A loose-fitting diaper is put on the newborn after
circumcision to avoid irritation to the penis.
(Option 2) Sterile technique is used during the surgical procedure of
circumcision.
(Option 3) The infant should not be fed during circumcision to prevent
the risk of aspiration.
A pacifier dipped in a concentrated sucrose solution is offered as a
nonpharmacologic pain management technique.
Educational objective:
During circumcision, the newborn is restrained in a wrapped blanket or
placed on a special board to prevent injury.
Non-nutritive sucking of a concentrated sucrose solution is offered for
pain management.
EXAM PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
2026/2027
The nurse is changing the dressing, injection caps, and IV tubing of a
client who is receiving total parenteral nutrition through a right
peripherally inserted central venous catheter. The nurse should
implement what actions to prevent complications during this
procedure? Select all that apply.
Instruct the client to hold the breath when changing the injection caps
and tubing
Instruct the client to keep the head to the right side during the
dressing change
.
Perform hand hygiene before and after the procedure
Place the client in the Trendelenburg position before the procedure
Wear sterile gloves and a surgical mask when changing the dressing
Peripherally inserted central venous catheters (PICC) are commonly used
for long-term antibiotic administration, chemotherapy treatments, and
nutritional support with total parenteral nutrition (TPN).
Complications related to the PICC are occlusion of the catheter,
phlebitis, air embolism, and infection due to bacterial contamination.
Prior to a central line dressing change, the nurse performs hand
hygiene (Option 3).
The central line dressing change is performed using sterile
technique with the nurse wearing a mask to prevent contamination of the
site with microorganisms or respiratory secretions (Option 5).
During injection cap and tubing changes, the client is instructed to hold
the breath (or perform the Valsalva maneuver) to prevent air from
entering the line, traveling to the heart, and forming an air
embolism (Option 1).
,(Option 2) When performing the dressing change, the client should be
instructed to turn the head away from the PICC site to prevent potential
contamination of the insertion site by microorganisms from the client's
respiratory tract.
(Option 4) During dressing, injection caps, and tubing changes, the
client is placed in the supine position.
If an air embolism is suspected, the client should be placed in the
Trendelenburg position (head down) on the left side, causing any existing
air to rise and become trapped in the right atrium.
Educational objective:
The central line dressing change is performed using a sterile technique
that includes wearing sterile gloves and mask to prevent contamination of
the site with microorganisms or respiratory secretions.
During injection cap, tubing, and dressing changes, the client is instructed
to turn the head away from the peripherally inserted central venous
catheter site to prevent site contamination by the client's respiratory
secretions.
During cap/tubing changes, the client is instructed to hold the breath (or
perform the Valsalva maneuver) to prevent air from entering the line,
traveling to the heart, and forming an air embolism.
The nurse is evaluating a return demonstration by the client of a dry
dressing change. Which action by the client would cause the nurse
to intervene?
Client applies sterile adhesive dressing over gauze without touching
the wound bed
Client applies sterile gauze moistened with sterile saline to wound
surface
Client cleanses site with a sterile saline swab in a spiral pattern from
the center out
Client removes old dressing with clean gloves and checks site for
signs of infection
,Prior to discharge, the nurse must evaluate the client's ability to
perform home wound care.
When performing a simple dry dressingchange, the client should:
• Don clean gloves and perform hand hygiene before and after
removing the old dressing
• Cleanse the wound bed using sterile saline (or a prescribed
cleanser) by moving from "clean" to "dirty," or from the center of
the wound outward (Option 3)
• Thoroughly dry the wound and surrounding skin using sterile
gauze to prevent maceration (breakdown) of underlying tissues
• Monitor the site for signs of infection (eg, redness, warmth,
purulent drainage) (Option 4)
• Apply dry, sterile gauze over the wound bed
• Cover the gauze with an occlusive sterile dressing to keep gauze
in place and maintain asepsis. The covering should be applied
without touching the wound bed (Option 1)
(Option 2) When performing a dry dressing change, the client must
make sure that the bandaging materials applied (ie, gauze) are dry.
Sterile gauze moistened with sterile saline is used for wet-to-dry dressing
changes and is not appropriate for a dry dressing change.
Educational objective:
The nurse must evaluate a client's ability to perform home wound care
before discharge.
, Instructions for a dry dressing change should include performing hand
hygiene, properly cleansing the wound bed, drying the wound,
monitoring for signs of infection, and securing a dry, sterile dressing to
the wound surface.
A nurse is assisting with the care of a newborn during circumcision.
Which is an appropriate intervention?
Apply a snug-fitting diaper following the procedure
Anticipate the use of clean technique during the circumcision
Offer oral fluids during the procedure
Wrap the newborn's upper body in a blanket restraint for the
circumcision
Application of a blanket restraint or the use of a special board prevents
injury during circumcision.
Swaddling and the use of non-nutritive sucking are nonpharmacologic
approaches to manage pain during circumcision.
(Option 1) A loose-fitting diaper is put on the newborn after
circumcision to avoid irritation to the penis.
(Option 2) Sterile technique is used during the surgical procedure of
circumcision.
(Option 3) The infant should not be fed during circumcision to prevent
the risk of aspiration.
A pacifier dipped in a concentrated sucrose solution is offered as a
nonpharmacologic pain management technique.
Educational objective:
During circumcision, the newborn is restrained in a wrapped blanket or
placed on a special board to prevent injury.
Non-nutritive sucking of a concentrated sucrose solution is offered for
pain management.
