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Samenvatting A - Immunologie (1025GENGE2)

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Dit document is het eerste deel van de volledige samenvatting van het vak Immunologie (het bestand was te groot om in één keer te uploaden). Het vak werd gedoceerd in het eerste semester van de tweede bachelor Geneeskunde (academiejaar 2025–2026) door prof. Ebo en prof. Sabato. De samenvatting bevat alle lessen, inclusief de pathologieles, waarvan niet volledig duidelijk was of deze examenstof is. Veel succes met studeren!

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Samenvatting:
Immunologie




2e bachelor geneeskunde
2025-2026

,1. Histologie v/d lymfoïde organen:..................................................................................... 4
1.1. Lymfeklieren:............................................................................................................... 4
1.1.1. Kapsel:............................................................................................................... 4
1.1.2. Cortex:................................................................................................................ 5
1.1.3. Follikel:............................................................................................................... 5
1.1.4. Medulla:.............................................................................................................. 6
1.2. Thymus:.......................................................................................................................7
1.2.1. Cortex:................................................................................................................ 7
1.2.1.Medulla:............................................................................................................... 8
1.3. Milt:..............................................................................................................................9
1.3.1. Algemeen:.......................................................................................................... 9
1.3.2. Bloedvoorziening:...............................................................................................9
1.4. MALT:........................................................................................................................ 10
1.5. Tonsillen:................................................................................................................... 10
2. Het immuunsysteem:....................................................................................................... 11
2.1. Algemeen:................................................................................................................. 11
2.2. intra- en extracellulaire pathogenen:......................................................................... 12
2.3. Cytokines & chemokines:.......................................................................................... 13
2.4. Barrières:...................................................................................................................13
2.4.1. Niet immunologische barrières:........................................................................13
2.4.2.Immunologische verdediging:............................................................................13
2.5. Aangeboren immuunsysteem:...................................................................................14
2.5.1. Fagocyten:........................................................................................................14
2.5.2. ILC’s:................................................................................................................ 16
2.5.3. Dendritische cellen:.......................................................................................... 17
2.5.4. T-cellen:............................................................................................................ 17
2.5.5. Mastcellen (MC):.............................................................................................. 18
2.5.6. Eosinofielen:.....................................................................................................18
2.5.7. Humorale componenten van het aangeboren IS:.............................................19
2.6. Het adaptieve immuunsysteem:................................................................................ 20
2.6.1. Lymfoïde organen:............................................................................................20
2.6.2. B en T-cellen in verworven IS:..........................................................................23
2.6.3. Diversiteit (Ig en TCR):..................................................................................... 24
2.6.4. Geheugen:........................................................................................................25
3. Organen en Cellen:.......................................................................................................... 26
3.1. Oorsprong & rijping (opleiding) IC:............................................................................ 26
3.2. CMP:......................................................................................................................... 27
3.2.1. Leukocyten:...................................................................................................... 27
3.2.1. Macrofagen/monocyten:...................................................................................28
3.2.2. Granulocyten:................................................................................................... 31
3.2.3. Megakaryocyten & bloedplaatjes:.................................................................... 35
3.3. CLP:.......................................................................................................................... 35
3.3.1. Natural killer cel:............................................................................................... 35
3.3.2. ILC’s:................................................................................................................ 37

, 3.4. Dendritische cellen:................................................................................................... 37
3.5. De eerste immunologische synaps:.......................................................................... 39
3.6. Ontstaan T- en B-lymfocyten:....................................................................................41
3.6.1. T-lymfocyten:.................................................................................................... 41
3.6.2. B-lymfocyten:....................................................................................................45
3.6.3. Tolerantiemechanismen:.................................................................................. 46
3.7. De tweede immuunrespons:......................................................................................47
3.8. Celtypering (fenotyperen):.........................................................................................48
4. Antigeen herkenning, Ag presentatie & MHC:.............................................................. 49
4.1. Patroonherkenning:................................................................................................... 49
4.1.1. Herkenning Ag door T-cel:................................................................................50
4.2. Majeure Histocompatibiliteit molecule:...................................................................... 51
4.2.1. Nomenclatuur MHC:......................................................................................... 52
4.2.2. Genetica:.......................................................................................................... 53
4.3. Antigeenpresentatie:................................................................................................. 53
4.3.1. MHC2 presentatie:........................................................................................... 53
4.3.2. MHC1 presentatie:........................................................................................... 54
4.3.3. Kruispresentatie:.............................................................................................. 54
4.4. T-cel receptor:........................................................................................................... 56
4.5. B-cel stimulatie:......................................................................................................... 56
5. De ontstekingsreactie:.....................................................................................................58
5.1. Lokale reactie:........................................................................................................... 59
5.1.1. 4 fasen:.............................................................................................................59
5.1.2. 2 types endotheelactivatie:...............................................................................59
5.1.3. Reparatie:......................................................................................................... 61
5.2. Algemene symptomen:..............................................................................................62
5.2.1. Producten die bijdragen tot symptomen:..........................................................62
6. Pathologie v/h immuunsysteem:.................................................................................... 63
6.1. Inleiding:.................................................................................................................... 63
6.2. De lymfeklier:.............................................................................................................64
6.3. De milt:...................................................................................................................... 68
6.4. De thymus:................................................................................................................ 70
6.5. Ziekten v/h immuunsysteem:.....................................................................................70
7. Complementsysteem:.....................................................................................................74
7.1. Definitie:.................................................................................................................... 74
7.2. Synthese en metabolisme:........................................................................................ 75
7.3. Complementactivatie:................................................................................................75
7.3.1. Klassieke weg:................................................................................................. 76
7.3.2. Mannose Binding Lectin pathway:....................................................................77
7.3.3. Alternatieve weg:..............................................................................................77
7.4. Terminatie:.................................................................................................................78
7.5. Regulatoren van complement:............................................................................ 80
7.5. Complementdeficiënties:........................................................................................... 81

, 8. Immunoglobulinen & humorale immuniteit:.................................................................. 82
8.1. Inleiding:.................................................................................................................... 82
8.2. Basisstructuur:...........................................................................................................82
8.3. Indeling:.....................................................................................................................83
8.3.1. Structurele indeling:..........................................................................................83
8.3.2. Structuur van immuunglobuline:.......................................................................85
8.3.3. Functionele onderverdeling:............................................................................. 85
8.4. Immuunglobulinen isotypen (klassen):...................................................................... 91
8.4.1. IgG:...................................................................................................................91
8.4.2. IgM:.................................................................................................................. 91
8.4.3. IgA:................................................................................................................... 92
8.4.4. IgD:................................................................................................................... 93
8.4.5. IgE:................................................................................................................... 93
8.5. Idiotypes, isotypes & allotypes:................................................................................. 94
8.6. Proces van B-cel tot plasmacel:................................................................................ 95
8.6.1. Activatie van de naïeve rijpe B cel:.................................................................. 95
8.6.2. Fagocytose (ter presentatie aan T*):................................................................96
8.6.3. Proces na de activatie:..................................................................................... 97
8.6.4. Isotype switch en affiniteitsmaturatie:...............................................................98
8.7. Primair & secundair B-cel immuunantwoord:............................................................ 99
8.8. De antigeen - antilichaamreactie:..............................................................................99

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