NSG 5003 WEEK 9 KNOWLEDGE CHECK QUIZ (Graded A+) LATEST UPDATE

NSG 5003 WEEK 9 KNOWLEDGE CHECK QUIZ Question 1 (1 point) A 52-year-old man is admitted into the hospital, awaiting a cervical spinal fusion after suffering from an all-terrain vehicle (ATV) accident. His chief complaint is neck pain and numbness and tingling in his fingers. Concern exists that he has suffered from some injury to his spinal cord. During the surgical procedure, the physicians order an examination to detect electrical brain activity resulting from a stimulus to detect sensory pathway integrity. This test is known as: Question 1 options: PET scan Myelogram EPs fMRI Save Question 2 (1 point) Several months ago, young woman fell while rock climbing; her left leg was wedged tightly into a crevice. The resulting injury was severe and required amputation below the knee. She reported to her physician that she continues to suffer from phantom limb pain. The theory that best explains this type of pain is: Question 2 options: Gate control theory (GCT) Pattern theory Specificity theory Neuromatrix theory Save Question 3 (1 point) A psychiatrist is seeing a young man in his late teens after his mother notes changes in her son’s behavior. For the past 6 months, the young man has become enthralled with a specific television show, believing that the host is specifically directing information to him. As the son walks in, the physician notes that the young man’s personal hygiene has been neglected. The psychiatrist talks to the son and notes that he repeatedly uses the same phrases throughout the conversation. An initial diagnosis of schizophrenia is made. The most common symptoms in schizophrenia are: Question 3 options: Negative Positive Cognitive Sensorimotor Save Question 4 (1 point) The young man’s mother discusses the issues that concern her as she cares for her son. She expresses feelings of stress and hopelessness and suffers from insomnia. These are characteristic of: Question 4 options: Depression General anxiety disorder (GAD) Bipolar disorder Panic attacks Save Question 5 (1 point) An ultrasound shows a child of approximately 29 weeks’ gestation with an apparent posterior neural tube defect. An absence of amniotic fluid is evident, suggesting a prior rupture of membranes. The child is diagnosed with a thoracic myelomeningocele and is surgically repaired within 24 hours of delivery. In addition to this defect, the infant is at an increased risk of: Question 5 options: Chiari II malformation Craniosynostosis Cortical dysplasia Cerebral arteriovenous malformations Note: It is recommended that you save your response as you complete each question. Question 1 (0.5 points) What effects do exercise and body position have on renal blood flow? Question 1 options: They activate renal parasympathetic neurons and cause mild vasoconstriction. They activate renal sympathetic neurons and cause mild vasoconstriction. Both activate renal parasympathetic neurons and cause mild vasodilation. They activate renal sympathetic neurons and cause mild vasodilation. Save Question 2 (0.5 points) Blood vessels of the kidneys are innervated by the: Question 2 options: Vagus nerve Sympathetic nervous system Somatic nervous system Parasympathetic nervous system Save Question 3 (0.5 points) When renin is released, it is capable of which action? Question 3 options: Inactivation of autoregulation Direct activation of angiotensin II Direct release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) Formation of angiotensin I Save Question 4 (0.5 points) Which effect do natriuretic peptides have during heart failure when the heart dilates? Question 4 options: Stimulation of antidiuretic hormones (ADH) Inhibition of ADH Stimulation of renin and aldosterone Inhibition of renin and aldosterone Save Question 5 (0.5 points) What is the direct action of atrial natriuretic hormone? Question 5 options: Sodium retention Sodium excretion Water retention Water excretion Save Question 6 (0.5 points) Which term is used to identify the movement of fluids and solutes from the tubular lumen to the peritubular capillary plasma? Question 6 options: Tubular secretion Ultrafiltration Tubular reabsorption Tubular excretion Save Question 7 (0.5 points) Which statement is true regarding urodilatin? Question 7 options: Urodilatin inhibits sodium chloride and water reabsorption in the medullary part of the collecting duct. Urodilatin inhibits antidiuretic hormone (ADH) to prevent water reabsorption in the medullary part of the collecting duct. Urodilatin is stimulated by a rise in blood pressure and an increase in extracellular volume. Urodilatin is stimulated by a fall in blood pressure and a decrease in extracellular volume. Save Question 8 (0.5 points) Compared to a younger individual, how is the specific gravity of urine in older adults affected? Question 8 options: The specific gravity of urine in older adults is increased. The specific gravity of urine in older adults is considered high normal. The specific gravity of urine in older adults is considered low normal. The specific gravity of urine in older adults is decreased. Save Question 9 (0.5 points) How are glucose and insulin used to treat hyperkalemia associated with acute renal failure? Question 9 options: Glucose has an osmotic effect, which attracts water and sodium, resulting in more dilute blood and a lower potassium concentration. When insulin transports glucose into the cell, it also carries potassium with it. Potassium attaches to receptors on the cell membrane of glucose and is carried into the cell. Increasing insulin causes ketoacidosis, which causes potassium to move into the cell in exchange for hydrogen. Save Question 10 (0.5 points) Which statement is false concerning the skeletal alterations caused by chronic renal failure when the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) declines to 25% of normal? Question 10 options: Parathyroid hormone is no longer effective in maintaining serum phosphate levels. The parathyroid gland is no longer able to secrete sufficient parathyroid hormone. The synthesis of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, which reduces intestinal absorption of calcium, is impaired. The synthesis of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, which impairs the effectiveness of calcium and phosphate resorption from bone by parathyroid hormone, is impaired. Save Question 11 (0.5 points) Anemia of chronic renal failure can be successfully treated with which element? Question 11 options: Intrinsic factor Vitamin B12 Vitamin D Erythropoietin Save Question 12 (0.5 points) Acute glomerulonephritis (AGN) may be accompanied by a positive throat or skin culture for which bacteria? Question 12 options: Staphylococcus aureus Streptococcus Pseudomonas aeruginosa Haemophilus Save Question 13 (0.5 points) What is the cause of smoky, brown-colored urine resulting from acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis? Question 13 options: Presence of red blood cells Presence of urobilinogen Slough from the collecting tubules Protein in the urine Save Question 14 (0.5 points) What is the pathophysiologic process responsible for the autoimmune disorder of hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS)? Question 14 options: Immunoglobulin A (IgA) coats erythrocytes that are destroyed by the spleen, and remnants are excreted through the kidneys. Verotoxin from Escherichia coli (E. coli) is absorbed from the intestines and damages erythrocytes and endothelial cells. Endotoxins from E. coli block the erythropoietin produced by the kidneys, which reduces the number of erythrocytes produced by the bone marrow. Failure of the nephrons to filter urea increases the blood urea nitrogen (BUN), which binds to erythrocytes that are subsequently destroyed by the spleen. Save Question 15 (0.5 points) What is the first indication of nephrotic syndrome in children? Question 15 options: Periorbital edema Scrotal or labial edema Frothy urine Ascites Save Question 16 (0.5 points) Bacteria gain access to the female urinary tract by which means? Question 16 options: Systemic blood that is filtered through the kidney Bacteria traveling from the lymph adjacent to the bladder and kidneys Bacteria ascending the urethra into the bladder Colonization of the bladder when urine is static Save Question 17 (0.5 points) What causes vesicoureteral reflux to occur in children? Question 17 options: Children do not ask for help in urinating in a timely manner, and urine is forced up into the ureters. The submucosal segment of a child’s ureter is short, making the antireflux mechanism inefficient. The trigone lying between the opening to the ureters and the urethra is underdeveloped in children. As the bladder fills in infants and children, it pulls the smooth lining of the transitional epithelium away from the ureters, making the reflux valves ineffective. Save Question 18 (0.5 points) What is the mechanism for developing Wilms’ tumor? Question 18 options: The development of Wilms’ tumor involves tumor suppressor genes located on chromosome 11. Development involves an autosomal dominant inherited disorder involving the Y chromosome. Wilms’ tumor is an autoimmune disorder. The development of Wilms’ tumor is a congenital anomaly. Save Question 19 (0.5 points) Which statement is false about the causes of enuresis? Question 19 options: A maturational lag may cause enuresis. Enuresis may be related to increased light sleep. Obstructive sleep apnea may be a symptom of enuresis. Excessive nocturnal levels of vasopressin may cause enuresis. Save Question 20 (0.5 points) When does an individual have his or her full complement of renal nephrons? Question 20 options: At birth At six months of age At puberty Between the ages of eighteen and twenty-one years Save Unit 8 Knowledge Check – GU Question 1 (1 point) The kidney is able to keep the rate of glomerular perfusion and GFR fairly constant over a range of arterial pressures. One mechanism responsible for the autoregulatory response in the kidney is: Question 1 options: Myogenic mechanism Active transport Carrier mechanism Passive transport Save Question 2 (1 point) Acute cystitis is an inflammation of the bladder and is the most common site of UTIs. A UTI is an inflammation of the urinary epithelium most usually caused by: Question 2 options: Fungus from the perineal area Bacteria from gut flora Herpes simplex 2 A worm or parasite Save Question 3 (1 point) Different patterns of urinary sediment may be associated with varying types of glomerulonephritis. The loss of the negative electrical charge across the glomerular filtration membrane and an increase in filtration pore size enhances the movement of proteins into the urine. The type of sediment characterized by the presence of blood and varying degrees of protein in the urine is: Question 3 options: Nephritic Urodynamic Polymorphic Crescentic Save Question 4 (1 point) An 11-year old girl is seen in her pediatrician’s office. Her mother has scheduled an appointment because she is concerned that her daughter is developing faster than her friends. The pediatrician explains that a variety of factors influence the timing of puberty. The young client states that she has worn a bra for almost 2 years. Breast development is caused by the secretion of: Question 4 options: Estradiol Androgens Progesterone Gonadotropin Save Question 5 (1 point) In female adolescents, egg production occurs: Question 5 options: During puberty During leptin secretion During embryonic development During the menstrual cycle NSG 5003 WEEK 10 KNOWLEDGE CHECK QUIZ During DKA, insulin counter-regulatory hormones, such as catecholamines and cortisol, increase. Profound insulin deficiency results in: Question 1 options: Decreased fat mobilization Activation of glucose forming pathways in the liver Increased glucose uptake Activation of bicarbonate buffering Save Question 2 (1 point) As the young mother is walking to her car, she becomes aware that someone is following her. Her body responds with a “fight or flight” response, which is regulated by the adrenal medulla’s secretion of: Question 2 options: Cortisol Catecholamines Glucocorticoids Androgens Save Question 3 (1 point) A 24-year-old mother visits her obstetrician’s office 1 week after delivering her baby. She is having trouble with breast-feeding and milk expression. The obstetrician prescribes a nasal spray that will stimulate the posterior pituitary to release which one of the following hormones? Question 3 options: Oxytocin Prolactin Calcitonin Incretin Save Question 4 (1 point) Joints are classified based on the degree of movement they permit or on the connecting tissues that hold them together. A joint in which the two bony surfaces are united by a ligament or membrane is called Question 4 options: Syndesmosis Gomphosis Articulation Symphysis Save Question 5 (1 point) A 15 year of boy suffered a complete separation of a ligament from its bony attachment. This injury is known as Question 5 options: Lateral epicondylopathy Crepitus Avulsion Malunion Save ________________________________________ 2018 KC Quiz Note: It is recommended that you save your response as you complete each question. Question 1 (1 point) A 15 year of boy suffered a complete separation of a ligament from its bony attachment. This injury is known as Question 1 options: Lateral epicondylopathy Crepitus Avulsion (100% sure) Malunion Save Question 2 (1 point) Joints are classified based on the degree of movement they permit or on the connecting tissues that hold them together. A joint in which the two bony surfaces are united by a ligament or membrane is called Question 2 options: Syndesmosis (100% sure) Gomphosis Articulation Symphysis Save Question 3 (1 point) During DKA, insulin counter-regulatory hormones, such as catecholamines and cortisol, increase. Profound insulin deficiency results in: Question 3 options: Decreased fat mobilization Activation of glucose forming pathways in the liver (100% sure). Increased glucose uptake Activation of bicarbonate buffering Save Question 4 (1 point) A 24-year-old mother visits her obstetrician’s office 1 week after delivering her baby. She is having trouble with breast-feeding and milk expression. The obstetrician prescribes a nasal spray that will stimulate the posterior pituitary to release which one of the following hormones? Question 4 options: Oxytocin (100% sure). Prolactin Calcitonin Incretin Save Question 5 (1 point) Bone formation requires collagen synthesis, fiber formation, and mineralization. The majority of the mineral content in the body is an analog of which naturally occurring mineral? (Verbatim in book before table 43-6) “The majority of thp1516e mineral content in the body is an analog of the naturally occurring mineral hydroxyapatite. Question 5 options: Periosteum Procallus Calcium phosphate Hydroxyapatite Save ________________________________________ Bone formation requires collagen synthesis, fiber formation, and mineralization. The majority of the mineral content in the body is an analog of which naturally occurring mineral? Question 1 options: Periosteum Procallus Calcium phosphate Hydroxyapatite Save Question 2 (1 point) A 15 year of boy suffered a complete separation of a ligament from its bony attachment. This injury is known as Question 2 options: Lateral epicondylopathy Crepitus Avulsion Malunion Save Question 3 (1 point) Joints are classified based on the degree of movement they permit or on the connecting tissues that hold them together. A joint in which the two bony surfaces are united by a ligament or membrane is called Question 3 options: Syndesmosis Gomphosis Articulation Symphysis Save Question 4 (1 point) As the young mother is walking to her car, she becomes aware that someone is following her. Her body responds with a “fight or flight” response, which is regulated by the adrenal medulla’s secretion of: Question 4 options: Cortisol Catecholamines Glucocorticoids Androgens Save Question 5 (1 point) A 24-year-old mother visits her obstetrician’s office 1 week after delivering her baby. She is having trouble with breast-feeding and milk expression. The obstetrician prescribes a nasal spray that will stimulate the posterior pituitary to release which one of the following hormones? Question 5 options: Oxytocin Prolactin Calcitonin Incretin