HOSA EPIDEMIOLOGY (EVERYTHING)|\ |\ |\
STUDY GUIDE WITH ANSWERS |\ |\ |\
Descriptive Epidemiology - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔deals |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
with the frequency and the distribution of risk factors in
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
populations and enables to assess the extent of a |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
disease. It can thus provide hypotheses of etiologic
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
research
Analytical Epidemiology - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔aims to
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
research and study risk and protector factors of diseases.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Pandemic - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔An epidemic occurring
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
worldwide, or over a very wide area, crossing
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
international boundaries, and usually affecting a large |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
number of people. |\ |\
Ex.. 1918 influenza (Spanish flu)
|\ |\ |\ |\
Distribution - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The occurrence of |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
diseases and other health outcomes varies in populations,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
with some subgroups of the populations more frequently
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
affected than others. |\ |\
,Epidemic - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔sudden increase in
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
occurrence of disease in a population |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
usually within a specific geographic region or population
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Exposures - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Related to |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
determinants,which pertain either to contact with a |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
disease-causing factor or to the amount of the factor that |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
impinges upon a group or individuals.|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Determinants - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔determinants Any |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
factor that brings about change in a health condition or
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
other defined characteristic.
|\ |\
Morbidity - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔illness due to a
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
specific disease or health condition
|\ |\ |\ |\
Mortality - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Death, usually on a
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
large scale |\
Quanification - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Refers to counting |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
the cases of illness or other health outcomes. Denotes
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
the use of statistics to describe the occurrence of health
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
outcomes and measure their association with exposures
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
,Hippocrates - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔departed from |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
superstitious reasons for disease outbreaks Wrote On |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Airs, Waters, and Places in 400 BC
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Suggested disease might be associated with |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
environmental factors |\
John Snow - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔(1813-1858)An
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
English anesthesiologist who innovated several of the key
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
epidemiologic methods that remain valid and in use
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
today
Believed that cholera was transmitted by contaminated
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
water and was able to demonstrate this association.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Paracelsus - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔(1493-1541) was one
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
of the founders of the field of toxicology.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
The dose-response relationship
|\ |\ |\
The notion of target organ specificity of chemicals
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
John Graunt - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔is considered by
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
many historians to have founded the science of
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
demography, the statistical study of human populations. |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
He analyzed the vital statistics of the citizens of London
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
and wrote a book regarding those figures that greatly
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
influenced the demographers of his day. |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
, Ramazzini - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔(1633-1714) is
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
regarded as the founder of the field of occupational
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
medicine.
He authored De Morbis Artificum Diatriba (Diseases of
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Workers), published in 1700. |\ |\ |\
Edward Jenner - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔(1749-1823)
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
developed a method for smallpox vaccination in 1796.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
William Farr - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔(1807-
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
1883)Appointed "Compiler of Abstracts" in England, 1839 |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Developed a more sophisticated system for codifying
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
medical conditions |\
Examined possible linkage between mortality rates and
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
population density (defined as number of persons per
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
square mile) |\
Robert Koch - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔(1843-1910), a
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
German physician |\ |\
Published Die Aetiologie der Tuberkulose in 1882
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Koch's postulates demonstrated the association between
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
a microorganism and a disease.
|\ |\ |\ |\
STUDY GUIDE WITH ANSWERS |\ |\ |\
Descriptive Epidemiology - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔deals |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
with the frequency and the distribution of risk factors in
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
populations and enables to assess the extent of a |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
disease. It can thus provide hypotheses of etiologic
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
research
Analytical Epidemiology - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔aims to
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
research and study risk and protector factors of diseases.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Pandemic - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔An epidemic occurring
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
worldwide, or over a very wide area, crossing
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
international boundaries, and usually affecting a large |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
number of people. |\ |\
Ex.. 1918 influenza (Spanish flu)
|\ |\ |\ |\
Distribution - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The occurrence of |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
diseases and other health outcomes varies in populations,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
with some subgroups of the populations more frequently
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
affected than others. |\ |\
,Epidemic - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔sudden increase in
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
occurrence of disease in a population |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
usually within a specific geographic region or population
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Exposures - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Related to |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
determinants,which pertain either to contact with a |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
disease-causing factor or to the amount of the factor that |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
impinges upon a group or individuals.|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Determinants - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔determinants Any |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
factor that brings about change in a health condition or
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
other defined characteristic.
|\ |\
Morbidity - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔illness due to a
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
specific disease or health condition
|\ |\ |\ |\
Mortality - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Death, usually on a
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
large scale |\
Quanification - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Refers to counting |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
the cases of illness or other health outcomes. Denotes
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
the use of statistics to describe the occurrence of health
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
outcomes and measure their association with exposures
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
,Hippocrates - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔departed from |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
superstitious reasons for disease outbreaks Wrote On |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Airs, Waters, and Places in 400 BC
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Suggested disease might be associated with |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
environmental factors |\
John Snow - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔(1813-1858)An
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
English anesthesiologist who innovated several of the key
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
epidemiologic methods that remain valid and in use
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
today
Believed that cholera was transmitted by contaminated
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
water and was able to demonstrate this association.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Paracelsus - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔(1493-1541) was one
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
of the founders of the field of toxicology.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
The dose-response relationship
|\ |\ |\
The notion of target organ specificity of chemicals
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
John Graunt - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔is considered by
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
many historians to have founded the science of
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
demography, the statistical study of human populations. |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
He analyzed the vital statistics of the citizens of London
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
and wrote a book regarding those figures that greatly
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
influenced the demographers of his day. |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
, Ramazzini - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔(1633-1714) is
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
regarded as the founder of the field of occupational
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
medicine.
He authored De Morbis Artificum Diatriba (Diseases of
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Workers), published in 1700. |\ |\ |\
Edward Jenner - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔(1749-1823)
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
developed a method for smallpox vaccination in 1796.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
William Farr - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔(1807-
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
1883)Appointed "Compiler of Abstracts" in England, 1839 |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Developed a more sophisticated system for codifying
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
medical conditions |\
Examined possible linkage between mortality rates and
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
population density (defined as number of persons per
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
square mile) |\
Robert Koch - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔(1843-1910), a
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
German physician |\ |\
Published Die Aetiologie der Tuberkulose in 1882
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Koch's postulates demonstrated the association between
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
a microorganism and a disease.
|\ |\ |\ |\
