HMGT 3301 EXAM 1 - Chapter 3
Why did the professionalization of medicine start later in the U.S. than
in some Western European nations? - correct answer✔ ✔ American
medicine lagged behind the advances in medical science, experimental
research and
medical education and maintained a domestic character because...
(i) Americans had a tendency to neglect research in basic sciences and
placed more emphasis on
applied sciences
(ii) American attitudes about medical treatment placed emphasis on
natural history and
conservative common sense.
Why did medicine have a domestic, rather than professional, character in
the preindustrial era?
How did urbanization change that? - correct answer✔ ✔ 1) Medical
Practice was in disarray- Anyone could practice without restriction or
training
2) Medical procedures were primitive- no technical expertise
3) Missing institutional core- no widespread development of hospitals
4) Demand was unstable- low demand due to self-reliance (family folk-
remedies), economic
, conditions (opportunity cost of transportation), and purchase costs (fee
for service)
5) Medical education was substandard-apprenticeship, unrestricted
entry, and deficient in
science based training
Urbanization increased reliance on specialized skills of paid
professionals because..
a. Distanced people from families and neighborhoods- no more family-
based remedies
b. Women began working outside the home- no longer caring for the
sick
c. Physicians became less expensive and more accessible- telephones,
cars,
roadsreduced opp. cost of time and travel- more affordable
d. Better geographic proximity of patients and physicians
Which factors explain why the demand for the services of a professional
physician was
inadequate in the preindustrial era? How did scientific medicine and
technology change that? - correct answer✔ ✔ Demand was low
because:
- Small rural communities were self-reliant: family care, home folk
remedies. Most "physicians" had no expertise to offer
Why did the professionalization of medicine start later in the U.S. than
in some Western European nations? - correct answer✔ ✔ American
medicine lagged behind the advances in medical science, experimental
research and
medical education and maintained a domestic character because...
(i) Americans had a tendency to neglect research in basic sciences and
placed more emphasis on
applied sciences
(ii) American attitudes about medical treatment placed emphasis on
natural history and
conservative common sense.
Why did medicine have a domestic, rather than professional, character in
the preindustrial era?
How did urbanization change that? - correct answer✔ ✔ 1) Medical
Practice was in disarray- Anyone could practice without restriction or
training
2) Medical procedures were primitive- no technical expertise
3) Missing institutional core- no widespread development of hospitals
4) Demand was unstable- low demand due to self-reliance (family folk-
remedies), economic
, conditions (opportunity cost of transportation), and purchase costs (fee
for service)
5) Medical education was substandard-apprenticeship, unrestricted
entry, and deficient in
science based training
Urbanization increased reliance on specialized skills of paid
professionals because..
a. Distanced people from families and neighborhoods- no more family-
based remedies
b. Women began working outside the home- no longer caring for the
sick
c. Physicians became less expensive and more accessible- telephones,
cars,
roadsreduced opp. cost of time and travel- more affordable
d. Better geographic proximity of patients and physicians
Which factors explain why the demand for the services of a professional
physician was
inadequate in the preindustrial era? How did scientific medicine and
technology change that? - correct answer✔ ✔ Demand was low
because:
- Small rural communities were self-reliant: family care, home folk
remedies. Most "physicians" had no expertise to offer
