,Contents
Chapter 1: Scientific Understanding of Behavior
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Chapter 2: Where to Start
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Chapter 3: Ethics in Behavioral Research
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Chapter 4: Fundamental Research Issues
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Chapter 5: Measurement Concepts
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Chapter 6: Observational Methods
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Chapter 7: Asking People About Themselves: Survey Research
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Chapter 8: Experimental Design
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Chapter 9: Conducting Experiments
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Chapter 10: Complex Experimental Designs
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Chapter 11: Single-Case, Quasi-Experimental, and Developmental Research
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Chapter 12: Understanding Research Results: Description and Correlation
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Chapter 13: Understanding Research Results: Statistical Inference
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Chapter 14: Generalization
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,Chapter 1: Scientific Understanding of Behavior st st st st st
1. Knowledge of research methods is important for all of the following EXCEPT:
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A. evaluating research reported in the media st st st st st
B. making decisions in various professions st st st st
C. guaranteeing correct conclusions about behavior st st st st
D. conducting scientific research st st st
Answer: C st
2. A major problem with relying on intuition to understand behavior is that:
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A. intuition is always completely wrong st st st st
B. cognitive and motivational biases can lead to erroneous conclusions
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C. it is illegal to use intuition in research
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D. intuition cannot generate any useful ideas st st st st st st
Answer: B st
3. An illusory correlation occurs when:
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A. two unrelated events are perceived as causally connected
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B. we correctly identify a causal relationship
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C. we use scientific methods to test hypotheses
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D. authority figures provide expert opinions st st st st st
Answer: A st
4. The belief that adoption increases the likelihood of pregnancy in couples having dif
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ficulty conceiving is an example of:
st st st st st
A. scientific evidence st
B. illusory correlation st
C. valid causal reasoning st st
D. peer-
reviewed research Answer: st st
B
st
5. When people accept information from a professor, celebrity, or religious figure wi
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thout question, they are relying on:
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A. empiricism
B. scientific skepticism st
C. authority
D. falsifiability s
Answer: C
t st
6. The fundamental characteristic that distinguishes the scientific approach from o
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ther ways of knowing is:
st st st st
A. authority
B. intuition
, C. empiricism
D. anecdote
Answer: C
st st
7. Empiricism is best defined as: st st st st
A. accepting authority figures' statements st st st
B. knowledge based on observations and data st st st st st
C. relying on personal intuitionst st st
D. making untestable claims st st st
Answer: B st
8. According to Goodstein's evolved theory of science, which of the following is T
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RUE?
A. Data play a central role in scientific inquiry
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B. Scientists work in isolation from other scientists st st st st st st
C. Scientific ideas should not be tested against competing ideas
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D. Peer review is unnecessary for well-
st st st st st
designed studies Answer: A st st st
9. The concept of falsifiability means that:
st st st st st
A. all scientific ideas are false
st st st st
B. scientific ideas can be tested and potentially proven wrong
st st st st st st st st
C. scientists intentionally falsify data st st st
D. only false ideas should be tested
st st st st st st
Answer: B st
10. Peer review in science serves to:
st st st st st
A. allow scientists to publish without scrutiny
st st st st st
B. ensure that only research without flaws is published
st st st st st st st
C. eliminate the need for replication st st st st
D. prevent any criticism of published workst st st st st st
Answer: B st
11. Scientific skepticism means that: st st st
A. scientists reject all new ideas st st st st
B. ideas must be evaluated based on careful logic and well-executed research
st st st st st st st st st st
C. scientists are generally negative people st st st st
D. intuition should never generate research ideas
st st st st st st
Answer: B st
12. Which statement about the scientific approach is correct?
st st st st st st st
A. Scientists never use intuition to generate ideas st st st st st st
B. Authority figures' statements should always be accepted as fact
st st st st st st st st
C. Ideas must be testable and supported by evidence
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Chapter 1: Scientific Understanding of Behavior
st st st st st
Chapter 2: Where to Start
st st st st st
Chapter 3: Ethics in Behavioral Research
st st st st st s
Chapter 4: Fundamental Research Issues
t st st st st s
Chapter 5: Measurement Concepts
t st st st st
Chapter 6: Observational Methods
st st st
Chapter 7: Asking People About Themselves: Survey Research
st st st st st st st
Chapter 8: Experimental Design
st st st st
Chapter 9: Conducting Experiments
st st st st
Chapter 10: Complex Experimental Designs
st st st st
Chapter 11: Single-Case, Quasi-Experimental, and Developmental Research
st st st st st st st
Chapter 12: Understanding Research Results: Description and Correlation
st st st st st st st st
Chapter 13: Understanding Research Results: Statistical Inference
st st st st st st
Chapter 14: Generalization
st st
,Chapter 1: Scientific Understanding of Behavior st st st st st
1. Knowledge of research methods is important for all of the following EXCEPT:
st st st st st st st st st st st
A. evaluating research reported in the media st st st st st
B. making decisions in various professions st st st st
C. guaranteeing correct conclusions about behavior st st st st
D. conducting scientific research st st st
Answer: C st
2. A major problem with relying on intuition to understand behavior is that:
st st st st st st st st st st st
A. intuition is always completely wrong st st st st
B. cognitive and motivational biases can lead to erroneous conclusions
st st st st st st st st
C. it is illegal to use intuition in research
st st st st st st st
D. intuition cannot generate any useful ideas st st st st st st
Answer: B st
3. An illusory correlation occurs when:
st st st st
A. two unrelated events are perceived as causally connected
st st st st st st st
B. we correctly identify a causal relationship
st st st st st
C. we use scientific methods to test hypotheses
st st st st st st
D. authority figures provide expert opinions st st st st st
Answer: A st
4. The belief that adoption increases the likelihood of pregnancy in couples having dif
st st st st st st st st st st st st
ficulty conceiving is an example of:
st st st st st
A. scientific evidence st
B. illusory correlation st
C. valid causal reasoning st st
D. peer-
reviewed research Answer: st st
B
st
5. When people accept information from a professor, celebrity, or religious figure wi
st st st st st st st st st st st
thout question, they are relying on:
st st st st st
A. empiricism
B. scientific skepticism st
C. authority
D. falsifiability s
Answer: C
t st
6. The fundamental characteristic that distinguishes the scientific approach from o
st st st st st st st st st
ther ways of knowing is:
st st st st
A. authority
B. intuition
, C. empiricism
D. anecdote
Answer: C
st st
7. Empiricism is best defined as: st st st st
A. accepting authority figures' statements st st st
B. knowledge based on observations and data st st st st st
C. relying on personal intuitionst st st
D. making untestable claims st st st
Answer: B st
8. According to Goodstein's evolved theory of science, which of the following is T
st st st st st st st st st st st st
RUE?
A. Data play a central role in scientific inquiry
st st st st st st st
B. Scientists work in isolation from other scientists st st st st st st
C. Scientific ideas should not be tested against competing ideas
st st st st st st st st
D. Peer review is unnecessary for well-
st st st st st
designed studies Answer: A st st st
9. The concept of falsifiability means that:
st st st st st
A. all scientific ideas are false
st st st st
B. scientific ideas can be tested and potentially proven wrong
st st st st st st st st
C. scientists intentionally falsify data st st st
D. only false ideas should be tested
st st st st st st
Answer: B st
10. Peer review in science serves to:
st st st st st
A. allow scientists to publish without scrutiny
st st st st st
B. ensure that only research without flaws is published
st st st st st st st
C. eliminate the need for replication st st st st
D. prevent any criticism of published workst st st st st st
Answer: B st
11. Scientific skepticism means that: st st st
A. scientists reject all new ideas st st st st
B. ideas must be evaluated based on careful logic and well-executed research
st st st st st st st st st st
C. scientists are generally negative people st st st st
D. intuition should never generate research ideas
st st st st st st
Answer: B st
12. Which statement about the scientific approach is correct?
st st st st st st st
A. Scientists never use intuition to generate ideas st st st st st st
B. Authority figures' statements should always be accepted as fact
st st st st st st st st
C. Ideas must be testable and supported by evidence
st st st st st st st
