,Contents
Chapter 1: Scientific Understanding of Behavior
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Chapter 2: Where to Start
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Chapter 3: Ethics in Behavioral Research
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Chapter 4: Fundamental Research Issues
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Chapter 5: Measurement Concepts
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Chapter 6: Observational Methods
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Chapter 7: Asking People About Themselves: Survey Research
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Chapter 8: Experimental Design
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Chapter 9: Conducting Experiments
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Chapter 10: Complex Experimental Designs
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Chapter 11: Single-Case, Quasi-Experimental, and Developmental Research
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Chapter 12: Understanding Research Results: Description and Correlation
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Chapter 13: Understanding Research Results: Statistical Inference
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Chapter 14: Generalization
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,Chapter 1: Scientific Understanding of Behavior zl zl zl zl zl
1. Knowledge of research methods is important for all of the following EXCEPT: zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
A. evaluating research reported in the media zl zl zl zl zl
B. making decisions in various professions zl zl zl zl
C. guaranteeing correct conclusions about behavior zl zl zl zl
D. conducting scientific research zl zl zl
Answer: C zl
2. A major problem with relying on intuition to understand behavior is that:
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A. intuition is always completely wrong zl zl zl zl
B. cognitive and motivational biases can lead to erroneous conclusions
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C. it is illegal to use intuition in research
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D. intuition cannot generate any useful ideas zl zl zl zl zl zl
Answer: B zl
3. An illusory correlation occurs when:
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A. two unrelated events are perceived as causally connected
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B. we correctly identify a causal relationship
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C. we use scientific methods to test hypotheses
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D. authority figures provide expert opinions zl zl zl zl zl
Answer: A zl
4. The belief that adoption increases the likelihood of pregnancy in couples having dif
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ficulty conceiving is an example of:
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A. scientific evidence zl
B. illusory correlation zl
C. valid causal reasoning zl zl
D. peer-
reviewed research Answer: zl zl
B
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5. When people accept information from a professor, celebrity, or religious figure wit
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hout question, they are relying on:
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A. empiricism
B. scientific skepticism zl
C. authority
D. falsifiability z
Answer: C
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6. The fundamental characteristic that distinguishes the scientific approach from ot
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her ways of knowing is:
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A. authority
B. intuition
, C. empiricism
D. anecdote
Answer: C
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7. Empiricism is best defined as: zl zl zl zl
A. accepting authority figures' statements zl zl zl
B. knowledge based on observations and data zl zl zl zl zl
C. relying on personal intuitionzl zl zl
D. making untestable claims zl zl zl
Answer: B zl
8. According to Goodstein's evolved theory of science, which of the following is T
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RUE?
A. Data play a central role in scientific inquiry
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B. Scientists work in isolation from other scientists zl zl zl zl zl zl
C. Scientific ideas should not be tested against competing ideas
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D. Peer review is unnecessary for well-
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designed studies Answer: A zl zl zl
9. The concept of falsifiability means that:
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A. all scientific ideas are false
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B. scientific ideas can be tested and potentially proven wrong
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C. scientists intentionally falsify data zl zl zl
D. only false ideas should be tested
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Answer: B zl
10. Peer review in science serves to:
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A. allow scientists to publish without scrutiny
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B. ensure that only research without flaws is published
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C. eliminate the need for replication zl zl zl zl
D. prevent any criticism of published workzl zl zl zl zl zl
Answer: B zl
11. Scientific skepticism means that: zl zl zl
A. scientists reject all new ideas zl zl zl zl
B. ideas must be evaluated based on careful logic and well-executed research
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C. scientists are generally negative people zl zl zl zl
D. intuition should never generate research ideas
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Answer: B zl
12. Which statement about the scientific approach is correct?
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A. Scientists never use intuition to generate ideas zl zl zl zl zl zl
B. Authority figures' statements should always be accepted as fact
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C. Ideas must be testable and supported by evidence
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Chapter 1: Scientific Understanding of Behavior
zl zl zl zl zl
Chapter 2: Where to Start
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Chapter 3: Ethics in Behavioral Research
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Chapter 4: Fundamental Research Issues
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Chapter 5: Measurement Concepts
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Chapter 6: Observational Methods
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Chapter 7: Asking People About Themselves: Survey Research
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Chapter 8: Experimental Design
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Chapter 9: Conducting Experiments
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Chapter 10: Complex Experimental Designs
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Chapter 11: Single-Case, Quasi-Experimental, and Developmental Research
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Chapter 12: Understanding Research Results: Description and Correlation
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Chapter 13: Understanding Research Results: Statistical Inference
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Chapter 14: Generalization
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,Chapter 1: Scientific Understanding of Behavior zl zl zl zl zl
1. Knowledge of research methods is important for all of the following EXCEPT: zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
A. evaluating research reported in the media zl zl zl zl zl
B. making decisions in various professions zl zl zl zl
C. guaranteeing correct conclusions about behavior zl zl zl zl
D. conducting scientific research zl zl zl
Answer: C zl
2. A major problem with relying on intuition to understand behavior is that:
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A. intuition is always completely wrong zl zl zl zl
B. cognitive and motivational biases can lead to erroneous conclusions
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C. it is illegal to use intuition in research
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D. intuition cannot generate any useful ideas zl zl zl zl zl zl
Answer: B zl
3. An illusory correlation occurs when:
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A. two unrelated events are perceived as causally connected
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B. we correctly identify a causal relationship
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C. we use scientific methods to test hypotheses
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D. authority figures provide expert opinions zl zl zl zl zl
Answer: A zl
4. The belief that adoption increases the likelihood of pregnancy in couples having dif
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ficulty conceiving is an example of:
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A. scientific evidence zl
B. illusory correlation zl
C. valid causal reasoning zl zl
D. peer-
reviewed research Answer: zl zl
B
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5. When people accept information from a professor, celebrity, or religious figure wit
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hout question, they are relying on:
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A. empiricism
B. scientific skepticism zl
C. authority
D. falsifiability z
Answer: C
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6. The fundamental characteristic that distinguishes the scientific approach from ot
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her ways of knowing is:
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A. authority
B. intuition
, C. empiricism
D. anecdote
Answer: C
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7. Empiricism is best defined as: zl zl zl zl
A. accepting authority figures' statements zl zl zl
B. knowledge based on observations and data zl zl zl zl zl
C. relying on personal intuitionzl zl zl
D. making untestable claims zl zl zl
Answer: B zl
8. According to Goodstein's evolved theory of science, which of the following is T
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RUE?
A. Data play a central role in scientific inquiry
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B. Scientists work in isolation from other scientists zl zl zl zl zl zl
C. Scientific ideas should not be tested against competing ideas
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D. Peer review is unnecessary for well-
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designed studies Answer: A zl zl zl
9. The concept of falsifiability means that:
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A. all scientific ideas are false
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B. scientific ideas can be tested and potentially proven wrong
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C. scientists intentionally falsify data zl zl zl
D. only false ideas should be tested
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Answer: B zl
10. Peer review in science serves to:
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A. allow scientists to publish without scrutiny
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B. ensure that only research without flaws is published
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C. eliminate the need for replication zl zl zl zl
D. prevent any criticism of published workzl zl zl zl zl zl
Answer: B zl
11. Scientific skepticism means that: zl zl zl
A. scientists reject all new ideas zl zl zl zl
B. ideas must be evaluated based on careful logic and well-executed research
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C. scientists are generally negative people zl zl zl zl
D. intuition should never generate research ideas
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Answer: B zl
12. Which statement about the scientific approach is correct?
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A. Scientists never use intuition to generate ideas zl zl zl zl zl zl
B. Authority figures' statements should always be accepted as fact
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C. Ideas must be testable and supported by evidence
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