Arec 365 Final Exam Questions With Rationales
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dietary deficiency - ANSWER - diet lacking in sufficient amounts of one or more
essential vitamins and minerals
vitamin A deficiency can lead to.. - ANSWER - night blindness, respiratory and
gastrointestinal disease
what analysis do both positive and normative economist's use for decision-
making - ANSWER - cost/benefit analysis (Marginal Cost = Marginal Benefit)
what does food subsidy entail? - ANSWER - giving people food at low prices through
price controls, public distribution systems, and subsidies for production and
consumption
what are the causes of famines - ANSWER - crop failure, lack of access to food,
existing undernutrition, and public policy in response to one of the other factors
what is Malthusian's argument on famines - ANSWER - famines are nature's way of
responding to overpopulation and the government should not interfere in the market
mechanisms even under famines
what is Sen's argument on famines - ANSWER - famines are not always about a lack of
food, famines lead to starvation death because people do not have the ability to access
food and the government should intervene to protect human lives
,overnutrition - ANSWER - when a person consumers too many calories
malnutrition - ANSWER - overconsumption or underconsumption of an essential nutrient
secondary malnutrition - ANSWER - condition that prevents proper digestion of food
what are some economic shortcomings to food subsidies? - ANSWER - - procurement
and distribution involves wastage
- food subsidy distorts the market mechanism
- leads to efficiency losses
- increases gov spending -> leads to deficit and higher taxes
- healthy population is vulnerable
food subsidy is an example of what type of taxation? - ANSWER - progressive
how do food subsidies affect food production and prices? - ANSWER - they increase
food production which decreases prices and lowers the deficit
types of targeted food subsidy - ANSWER - self-targeting, direct distribution, rationing,
food stamps, food-for-work programs, cash transfers
income elasticity of demand of inferior goods - ANSWER - negative
what are two advantages to self-targeting food subsidies? - ANSWER - 1. only the poor
would use so no leakages
2. solves the problem of identifying those in real need of food-based assistance
examples of direct distribution food subsidies - ANSWER - school lunch
programs, soup kitchens
, advantages to direct distribution food subsidies/who will benefit - ANSWER - can create
significant improvements in standard of living and food availability; vulnerable groups
like infants, pregnant and lactating women, and school children benefit
why is there a low success rate of direct distribution programs (like soup kitchens) -
ANSWER - timing of supplement, duration of programs, nutritional status of participants,
supporting services
what is the difference between Asia and sub-Saharan Africa with their trends in
malnutrition - ANSWER - Asia has the largest number of people undernourished,
SubSaharan Africa has the largest percentage of people undernourished
what causes a shift in the demand curve - ANSWER - population growth, changes in
income, changes in income distribution, and changes in tastes and preferences
what causes a shift in the supply curve - ANSWER - changes in availability of inputs,
changes in technology of production, and changes in efficiency of resource use
equation for income elasticity of demand - ANSWER - % change in quantity demanded /
% change in income
iron deficiency can lead to... - ANSWER - anemia, reduces physical and mental abilities
zinc deficiency can lead to... - ANSWER - impaired immune system functions
protein-calories malnutrition - ANSWER - underconsumption of proteins or calories
what are calories needed for - ANSWER - breathing, digestion,
maintaining body temperature, fighting diseases, body growth and
development, and physical/mental activity
what are proteins needed for - ANSWER - building cells that make muscles, carrying
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dietary deficiency - ANSWER - diet lacking in sufficient amounts of one or more
essential vitamins and minerals
vitamin A deficiency can lead to.. - ANSWER - night blindness, respiratory and
gastrointestinal disease
what analysis do both positive and normative economist's use for decision-
making - ANSWER - cost/benefit analysis (Marginal Cost = Marginal Benefit)
what does food subsidy entail? - ANSWER - giving people food at low prices through
price controls, public distribution systems, and subsidies for production and
consumption
what are the causes of famines - ANSWER - crop failure, lack of access to food,
existing undernutrition, and public policy in response to one of the other factors
what is Malthusian's argument on famines - ANSWER - famines are nature's way of
responding to overpopulation and the government should not interfere in the market
mechanisms even under famines
what is Sen's argument on famines - ANSWER - famines are not always about a lack of
food, famines lead to starvation death because people do not have the ability to access
food and the government should intervene to protect human lives
,overnutrition - ANSWER - when a person consumers too many calories
malnutrition - ANSWER - overconsumption or underconsumption of an essential nutrient
secondary malnutrition - ANSWER - condition that prevents proper digestion of food
what are some economic shortcomings to food subsidies? - ANSWER - - procurement
and distribution involves wastage
- food subsidy distorts the market mechanism
- leads to efficiency losses
- increases gov spending -> leads to deficit and higher taxes
- healthy population is vulnerable
food subsidy is an example of what type of taxation? - ANSWER - progressive
how do food subsidies affect food production and prices? - ANSWER - they increase
food production which decreases prices and lowers the deficit
types of targeted food subsidy - ANSWER - self-targeting, direct distribution, rationing,
food stamps, food-for-work programs, cash transfers
income elasticity of demand of inferior goods - ANSWER - negative
what are two advantages to self-targeting food subsidies? - ANSWER - 1. only the poor
would use so no leakages
2. solves the problem of identifying those in real need of food-based assistance
examples of direct distribution food subsidies - ANSWER - school lunch
programs, soup kitchens
, advantages to direct distribution food subsidies/who will benefit - ANSWER - can create
significant improvements in standard of living and food availability; vulnerable groups
like infants, pregnant and lactating women, and school children benefit
why is there a low success rate of direct distribution programs (like soup kitchens) -
ANSWER - timing of supplement, duration of programs, nutritional status of participants,
supporting services
what is the difference between Asia and sub-Saharan Africa with their trends in
malnutrition - ANSWER - Asia has the largest number of people undernourished,
SubSaharan Africa has the largest percentage of people undernourished
what causes a shift in the demand curve - ANSWER - population growth, changes in
income, changes in income distribution, and changes in tastes and preferences
what causes a shift in the supply curve - ANSWER - changes in availability of inputs,
changes in technology of production, and changes in efficiency of resource use
equation for income elasticity of demand - ANSWER - % change in quantity demanded /
% change in income
iron deficiency can lead to... - ANSWER - anemia, reduces physical and mental abilities
zinc deficiency can lead to... - ANSWER - impaired immune system functions
protein-calories malnutrition - ANSWER - underconsumption of proteins or calories
what are calories needed for - ANSWER - breathing, digestion,
maintaining body temperature, fighting diseases, body growth and
development, and physical/mental activity
what are proteins needed for - ANSWER - building cells that make muscles, carrying
