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Physiology Test 1 Questions and Answers
Latest Update
optimal range Ans: range where organisms survive, grow, and reproduce.
Most suitable condition.
range of tolerance Ans: not the most suitable condition but can still survive.
variable Ans: A factor that can change
Stimulus Ans: external factors that can change the variable
receptors Ans: sense the change in the variable
input Ans: communication between receptors and control center
control center Ans: analyzes information and determines appropriate
response
output Ans: communication between control center and effector
effector Ans: an organ or gland that carried out response
response Ans: action that addresses the change in variable
neural reflex Ans: a rapid, automatic, involuntary motor response to stimuli
endocrine reflex Ans: hormones regulate body function. balance
neuroendocrine reflex Ans: involves both neural and endocrine reflexes.
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intrinsic control Ans: effects specific target tissue. Ex: low O2, high CO2 in
muscles ->> vasodilation
postitive feedback Ans: Mechanism that enhances the original stimulus so
that the activity is accelerated
negative feedback Ans: a mechanism of response in which a stimulus
initiates reactions that reduce the stimulus
teleological explanations Ans: simple way of explaining something.
mechanistic explanations Ans: detailed, scientifically explain why something
is the way it is.
chemical level of organization Ans: atoms, molecules, elements, matter
cellular level of organization Ans: includes cells, the smallest independently
living units in the body
tissue level of organization Ans: collections of 2 or more cells that function
together for a specific task
organ level of organization Ans: Organs are made up of different types of
tissues
organ system level of organization Ans: organs working closely together for
a common purpose
Organism level of organization Ans: any living individual
Atom Ans: Basic unit of matter
protons Ans: Positively charged particles
neutrons Ans: no charge particles
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electrons Ans: Negatively charged particles
ionic bond Ans: the attraction between oppositely charged ions. Ex: Na -Cl -
>> Na+Cl-. electron transfer from Na to Cl
covalent bond Ans: A chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of
electrons between atoms. Ex: CO2 (O=C=O)
Hydrogen bonding Ans: bond between a proton in one molecule and an
electronegative atom in the other.
non polar covalent bond Ans: equal sharing of electrons
polar covalent bond Ans: unequal sharing of electrons
Hydrophilic Ans: water loving
Hydrophobic Ans: Water fearing
amphiphilic Ans: attracted to both water and fat - containing hydrophobic
and hydrophilic parts
Hydrolysis Ans: Breaking down a covalent bond- complex molecules by the
addition of water
dehydration synthesis Ans: A chemical reaction in which two molecules
covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule.
Cohesion Ans: Attraction between molecules of the same substance
cushioning of water Ans: resilient cushion around certain body organs
acid Ans: A substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a
solution. Hydrogen doner
© 2025 All rights reserved
Physiology Test 1 Questions and Answers
Latest Update
optimal range Ans: range where organisms survive, grow, and reproduce.
Most suitable condition.
range of tolerance Ans: not the most suitable condition but can still survive.
variable Ans: A factor that can change
Stimulus Ans: external factors that can change the variable
receptors Ans: sense the change in the variable
input Ans: communication between receptors and control center
control center Ans: analyzes information and determines appropriate
response
output Ans: communication between control center and effector
effector Ans: an organ or gland that carried out response
response Ans: action that addresses the change in variable
neural reflex Ans: a rapid, automatic, involuntary motor response to stimuli
endocrine reflex Ans: hormones regulate body function. balance
neuroendocrine reflex Ans: involves both neural and endocrine reflexes.
© 2025 All rights reserved
, 2 | Page
intrinsic control Ans: effects specific target tissue. Ex: low O2, high CO2 in
muscles ->> vasodilation
postitive feedback Ans: Mechanism that enhances the original stimulus so
that the activity is accelerated
negative feedback Ans: a mechanism of response in which a stimulus
initiates reactions that reduce the stimulus
teleological explanations Ans: simple way of explaining something.
mechanistic explanations Ans: detailed, scientifically explain why something
is the way it is.
chemical level of organization Ans: atoms, molecules, elements, matter
cellular level of organization Ans: includes cells, the smallest independently
living units in the body
tissue level of organization Ans: collections of 2 or more cells that function
together for a specific task
organ level of organization Ans: Organs are made up of different types of
tissues
organ system level of organization Ans: organs working closely together for
a common purpose
Organism level of organization Ans: any living individual
Atom Ans: Basic unit of matter
protons Ans: Positively charged particles
neutrons Ans: no charge particles
© 2025 All rights reserved
, 3 | Page
electrons Ans: Negatively charged particles
ionic bond Ans: the attraction between oppositely charged ions. Ex: Na -Cl -
>> Na+Cl-. electron transfer from Na to Cl
covalent bond Ans: A chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of
electrons between atoms. Ex: CO2 (O=C=O)
Hydrogen bonding Ans: bond between a proton in one molecule and an
electronegative atom in the other.
non polar covalent bond Ans: equal sharing of electrons
polar covalent bond Ans: unequal sharing of electrons
Hydrophilic Ans: water loving
Hydrophobic Ans: Water fearing
amphiphilic Ans: attracted to both water and fat - containing hydrophobic
and hydrophilic parts
Hydrolysis Ans: Breaking down a covalent bond- complex molecules by the
addition of water
dehydration synthesis Ans: A chemical reaction in which two molecules
covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule.
Cohesion Ans: Attraction between molecules of the same substance
cushioning of water Ans: resilient cushion around certain body organs
acid Ans: A substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a
solution. Hydrogen doner
© 2025 All rights reserved
