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TCDHA PHARM MIDTERM EXAM 2026
1) The study of natural drug sources that has been expanded to include
chemicals developed and used in laboratory research most correctly
describes: A) Pharmacology. B) Pharmacodynamics. C) Pharmacognosy.
D) Pharmacokinetics. - ANSWER -Answer: C
Explanation: A) Pharmacology is the study of drugs and their actions on
the body. B) Pharmacodynamics refers to the mechanisms by which
medications produce biochemical or physiological changes in the body.
C) Study of natural drug sources that has been expanded to include
chemicals developed and used in lab research. D) The study of how
medications enter the body, reach their site of action and eventually
become eliminated. Page Ref: 2
2) Atropine is a powerful organic alkaloid that reacts with acid to form a
salt that is readily soluble in body fluids. From which of the following
sources is atropine derived? A) Plant B) Animal C) Mineral D) Synthetic -
ANSWER -Answer: A
Explanation: A) Atropine is developed from the plant Atropa
belladonna. B) Animal sources are extracted from the body fluids of
animals. C) Mineral sources provide inorganic material not available
from plants or animals. D) Synthetic sources are created in the lab using
processes such as recombinant DNA. They may be used in combination
with natural sources. Page Ref: 3
3) Examples of synthetically produced medications include: A)
Diazepam, fentanyl, and adenosine. B) Pepsin, pancreatin, and oxytocin.
pg. 1
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C) Atropine, morphine, and digitalis. D) Magnesium, sodium
bicarbonate, and calcium chloride. - ANSWER -Answer:
A Explanation: A) Diazepam, fentanyl, and adenosine are all produced
synthetically. B) Pepsin, pancreatin, and oxytocin are derived from
animal sources. C) Atropine, morphine, and digitalis are identified as
plant sources. D) Magnesium, sodium bicarbonate, and calcium chloride
are identified as mineral sources of drugs. Page Ref: 3
4) In order to obtain the MOST current information related to a
medication, it is suggested that the prehospital provider: A) Use only
local protocol as your source. B) Use multiple sources and compare
information in conjunction with medical direction. C) Rely on an EMS
guide as the sole source of information. D) Utilize the internet as a
resource because it is most correct. - ANSWER -Answer: B
Explanation: A) Local protocols may not encompass the many
medications currently available. B) Using multiple sources as well as
comparing information will provide the provider with the most current
information. Medical direction is also imperative. C) While EMS guides
may provide some information, they may not include all relevant
information. D) Internet sources are sometimes difficult to determine
validity of information present and should be verified. Page Ref: 4, 5
6) The phase of drug testing that includes determining toxicity,
pharmacokinetics, and determining a drug's "therapeutic index" occurs
during: A) Postmarketing surveillance. B) New drug application. C)
Clinical research and development. D) Preclinical testing, research, and
development. - ANSWER -Answer: D
pg. 2
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Explanation: A) Postmarketing surveillance occurs during phase four of
testing. A new drug's therapeutic index must already be determined. B)
An investigational new drug may be applied for once the therapeutic
index has been determined prior to the phase 1 of human drug testing.
C) Clinical research and development begins after the therapeutic index
has been determined. D) Preclinical testing, research, and development
occurs prior to human testing and is concerned with the
pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a new drug in order to
discover its therapeutic index. Page Ref: 6
7) The term "therapeutic index" refers to: A) Ratio of a drug's lethal
dose to its effective dose. B) Amount of drug required to cause a side
effect. C) Pharmacokinetics of a drug. D) Efficacy of a drug. - ANSWER -
Answer: A
Explanation: A) The ratio of a drug's lethal dose to its effective dose
determines the therapeutic index. B) Side effects are the undesired
effects of a medication. C) Pharmacokinetics refers to the drug's
movement from introduction into the system until system elimination.
D) Efficacy refers to how well the drug works in terms of treatment
effect. Page Ref: 6
9) Following the designation of a new drug as an "investigational new
drug," there are ________ phases of testing on humans. A) one B) two
C) three D) four - ANSWER -Answer: D
Explanation: A) There are three other phases of drug testing. B) There
are two other phases of drug testing. C) There is another phase of drug
testing. D) There are four phases of drug testing that occur following
the designation of a drug as an "investigational new drug." Page Ref: 9
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10) The phase of drug testing that determines the pharmacokinetics,
toxicity, and safe dose in humans is: A) Phase one. B) Phase two. C)
Phase three. D) Phase four. - ANSWER -Answer: A
Explanation: A) The primary purpose of phase one testing is to
determine the pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and safe dose in humans. B)
The primary purpose of phase two testing is to find the therapeutic
medication level and watch carefully for toxic and side effects. C) The
primary purpose of phase three testing is to refine the usual
therapeutic dose and to collect relevant data on side effects. D) The
primary purpose of phase four testing involves postmarketing analysis
during conditional approval. Page Ref: 9
11) An example of a drug that may receive expedited medical approval
would be: A) A drug used to treat a rare disease that affects less than
200,000 people. B) A placebo that is administered to provide
psychological control of responses. C) A drug that may help prevent a
public health threat such as HIV. D) A drug that is being evaluated in
order to determine the therapeutic index. - ANSWER -Answer: C
Explanation: A) This Answer describes the definition of an orphan drug.
B) A placebo is used in testing and does not require expedited medical
approval. C) Expedited approval may be granted when a drug may be of
use in treating a public health threat such as HIV. D) The therapeutic
index is obtained during preclinical phase of drug testing and does not
require expedited approval. Page Ref: 10
12) A drug in which potential tax credits or grants may provide
incentives to assist in the research and development for a condition
pg. 4
TCDHA PHARM MIDTERM EXAM 2026
1) The study of natural drug sources that has been expanded to include
chemicals developed and used in laboratory research most correctly
describes: A) Pharmacology. B) Pharmacodynamics. C) Pharmacognosy.
D) Pharmacokinetics. - ANSWER -Answer: C
Explanation: A) Pharmacology is the study of drugs and their actions on
the body. B) Pharmacodynamics refers to the mechanisms by which
medications produce biochemical or physiological changes in the body.
C) Study of natural drug sources that has been expanded to include
chemicals developed and used in lab research. D) The study of how
medications enter the body, reach their site of action and eventually
become eliminated. Page Ref: 2
2) Atropine is a powerful organic alkaloid that reacts with acid to form a
salt that is readily soluble in body fluids. From which of the following
sources is atropine derived? A) Plant B) Animal C) Mineral D) Synthetic -
ANSWER -Answer: A
Explanation: A) Atropine is developed from the plant Atropa
belladonna. B) Animal sources are extracted from the body fluids of
animals. C) Mineral sources provide inorganic material not available
from plants or animals. D) Synthetic sources are created in the lab using
processes such as recombinant DNA. They may be used in combination
with natural sources. Page Ref: 3
3) Examples of synthetically produced medications include: A)
Diazepam, fentanyl, and adenosine. B) Pepsin, pancreatin, and oxytocin.
pg. 1
,2|Page
C) Atropine, morphine, and digitalis. D) Magnesium, sodium
bicarbonate, and calcium chloride. - ANSWER -Answer:
A Explanation: A) Diazepam, fentanyl, and adenosine are all produced
synthetically. B) Pepsin, pancreatin, and oxytocin are derived from
animal sources. C) Atropine, morphine, and digitalis are identified as
plant sources. D) Magnesium, sodium bicarbonate, and calcium chloride
are identified as mineral sources of drugs. Page Ref: 3
4) In order to obtain the MOST current information related to a
medication, it is suggested that the prehospital provider: A) Use only
local protocol as your source. B) Use multiple sources and compare
information in conjunction with medical direction. C) Rely on an EMS
guide as the sole source of information. D) Utilize the internet as a
resource because it is most correct. - ANSWER -Answer: B
Explanation: A) Local protocols may not encompass the many
medications currently available. B) Using multiple sources as well as
comparing information will provide the provider with the most current
information. Medical direction is also imperative. C) While EMS guides
may provide some information, they may not include all relevant
information. D) Internet sources are sometimes difficult to determine
validity of information present and should be verified. Page Ref: 4, 5
6) The phase of drug testing that includes determining toxicity,
pharmacokinetics, and determining a drug's "therapeutic index" occurs
during: A) Postmarketing surveillance. B) New drug application. C)
Clinical research and development. D) Preclinical testing, research, and
development. - ANSWER -Answer: D
pg. 2
,3|Page
Explanation: A) Postmarketing surveillance occurs during phase four of
testing. A new drug's therapeutic index must already be determined. B)
An investigational new drug may be applied for once the therapeutic
index has been determined prior to the phase 1 of human drug testing.
C) Clinical research and development begins after the therapeutic index
has been determined. D) Preclinical testing, research, and development
occurs prior to human testing and is concerned with the
pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a new drug in order to
discover its therapeutic index. Page Ref: 6
7) The term "therapeutic index" refers to: A) Ratio of a drug's lethal
dose to its effective dose. B) Amount of drug required to cause a side
effect. C) Pharmacokinetics of a drug. D) Efficacy of a drug. - ANSWER -
Answer: A
Explanation: A) The ratio of a drug's lethal dose to its effective dose
determines the therapeutic index. B) Side effects are the undesired
effects of a medication. C) Pharmacokinetics refers to the drug's
movement from introduction into the system until system elimination.
D) Efficacy refers to how well the drug works in terms of treatment
effect. Page Ref: 6
9) Following the designation of a new drug as an "investigational new
drug," there are ________ phases of testing on humans. A) one B) two
C) three D) four - ANSWER -Answer: D
Explanation: A) There are three other phases of drug testing. B) There
are two other phases of drug testing. C) There is another phase of drug
testing. D) There are four phases of drug testing that occur following
the designation of a drug as an "investigational new drug." Page Ref: 9
pg. 3
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10) The phase of drug testing that determines the pharmacokinetics,
toxicity, and safe dose in humans is: A) Phase one. B) Phase two. C)
Phase three. D) Phase four. - ANSWER -Answer: A
Explanation: A) The primary purpose of phase one testing is to
determine the pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and safe dose in humans. B)
The primary purpose of phase two testing is to find the therapeutic
medication level and watch carefully for toxic and side effects. C) The
primary purpose of phase three testing is to refine the usual
therapeutic dose and to collect relevant data on side effects. D) The
primary purpose of phase four testing involves postmarketing analysis
during conditional approval. Page Ref: 9
11) An example of a drug that may receive expedited medical approval
would be: A) A drug used to treat a rare disease that affects less than
200,000 people. B) A placebo that is administered to provide
psychological control of responses. C) A drug that may help prevent a
public health threat such as HIV. D) A drug that is being evaluated in
order to determine the therapeutic index. - ANSWER -Answer: C
Explanation: A) This Answer describes the definition of an orphan drug.
B) A placebo is used in testing and does not require expedited medical
approval. C) Expedited approval may be granted when a drug may be of
use in treating a public health threat such as HIV. D) The therapeutic
index is obtained during preclinical phase of drug testing and does not
require expedited approval. Page Ref: 10
12) A drug in which potential tax credits or grants may provide
incentives to assist in the research and development for a condition
pg. 4
