NSG 521 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1
(2026-2027) QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
GRADED A+ UNI OF PHOENIX
The accumulation of lactic acid that occurs with impaired energy production
results from which of the following?
a. increased intracellular glucose
b. increased anaerobic metabolism
c. decreased metabolic rate
d. increased oxidative phosphorylation
B
A mountain climber is stranded at 23,000 feet in the Swiss Alps and has lost all his
equipment and supplies in an avalanche. Subsequently, he suffers cell injury due to
impaired ATP production. The reason for the decrease in ATP is which of the
following?
a. enzyme inhibition
b. uncoupling
c. hypoxia
d. none of the above
C
,An elderly patient develops an obstruction in his left middle cerebral artery. The
brain tissue supplied by this artery becomes hypoxic. The best explanation for this
is which of the following?
a. the obstruction results in decreased blood flow
b. the obstruction results in decreased hemoglobin in the blood
c. while blood flow stays the same, the obstruction reduces oxygen content in the
blood
d. none of the above explain the reason for the hypoxia
A
Increased mobilization and delivery of free fatty acids to liver cells can result in fat
accumulation. Which of the following problems results in increased mobilization
of free fatty acids?
a. anemia
b. hepatic toxins
c. starvation
d. hypoxia
C
Generalized hypoxia results in a switch to anaerobic metabolism in cells.
Anaerobic metabolism results in which of the following?
a. decreased lactic acid inside cells
b. decreased arterial pH
c. more effective ATP production
d. increased pH inside cells
,B
There is a disease of the spleen, which results in an excessive destruction of RBCs.
This increase in RBC destruction can lead to which of the following?
a. hypoxia
b. hypobilirubinemia
c. an increase in platelets
d. all of the above
A
Your body has developed an increased demand for thyroid hormones. This will
lead to ____________ of the thyroid gland.
a. atrophy
b. hypertrophy
c. dysplasia
d. metaplasia
B
Direct cell membrane destruction may result from which of the following?
a. complement activation
b. bacterial enzymes
c. free radicals
d. all of the above
, D
Which of the following is true regarding apoptosis?
a. It occurrence may be physiological or pathological.
b. It does not stimulate the inflammatory process.
c. It results in phagocytosis of the apoptotic cell.
d. all of the above.
D
Insufficient blood flow to a part of the body is defined as:
a. hypoxia.
b. hypoxemia.
c. necrosis.
d. ischemia.
D
A cellular change, which is often precancerous, is called:
a. hyperplasia.
b. metaplasia.
c. dysplasia.
d. hypertrophy.
C
(2026-2027) QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
GRADED A+ UNI OF PHOENIX
The accumulation of lactic acid that occurs with impaired energy production
results from which of the following?
a. increased intracellular glucose
b. increased anaerobic metabolism
c. decreased metabolic rate
d. increased oxidative phosphorylation
B
A mountain climber is stranded at 23,000 feet in the Swiss Alps and has lost all his
equipment and supplies in an avalanche. Subsequently, he suffers cell injury due to
impaired ATP production. The reason for the decrease in ATP is which of the
following?
a. enzyme inhibition
b. uncoupling
c. hypoxia
d. none of the above
C
,An elderly patient develops an obstruction in his left middle cerebral artery. The
brain tissue supplied by this artery becomes hypoxic. The best explanation for this
is which of the following?
a. the obstruction results in decreased blood flow
b. the obstruction results in decreased hemoglobin in the blood
c. while blood flow stays the same, the obstruction reduces oxygen content in the
blood
d. none of the above explain the reason for the hypoxia
A
Increased mobilization and delivery of free fatty acids to liver cells can result in fat
accumulation. Which of the following problems results in increased mobilization
of free fatty acids?
a. anemia
b. hepatic toxins
c. starvation
d. hypoxia
C
Generalized hypoxia results in a switch to anaerobic metabolism in cells.
Anaerobic metabolism results in which of the following?
a. decreased lactic acid inside cells
b. decreased arterial pH
c. more effective ATP production
d. increased pH inside cells
,B
There is a disease of the spleen, which results in an excessive destruction of RBCs.
This increase in RBC destruction can lead to which of the following?
a. hypoxia
b. hypobilirubinemia
c. an increase in platelets
d. all of the above
A
Your body has developed an increased demand for thyroid hormones. This will
lead to ____________ of the thyroid gland.
a. atrophy
b. hypertrophy
c. dysplasia
d. metaplasia
B
Direct cell membrane destruction may result from which of the following?
a. complement activation
b. bacterial enzymes
c. free radicals
d. all of the above
, D
Which of the following is true regarding apoptosis?
a. It occurrence may be physiological or pathological.
b. It does not stimulate the inflammatory process.
c. It results in phagocytosis of the apoptotic cell.
d. all of the above.
D
Insufficient blood flow to a part of the body is defined as:
a. hypoxia.
b. hypoxemia.
c. necrosis.
d. ischemia.
D
A cellular change, which is often precancerous, is called:
a. hyperplasia.
b. metaplasia.
c. dysplasia.
d. hypertrophy.
C
