NURS 516
NURS 517 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2026
BMI and obesity
- BMI >30 = obese
- as BMI inc, so does risk for adverse side effects
s/s of hyperthyroidism
- HIGH everything; increase hr, bp, weight loss, irritable/nervous, diarrhea, heat
intolerance, enlarged neck (goiter), exophthalmos, irregular menses, SOB
- Grave's Disease
- thyrotoxicosis (thyroid storm)
- low TSH levels
- levothyroxine
s/s of hypothyroidism
- LOW everything = dry itchy skin, slow pulse, fluid retention and edema, sluggishness,
decreased b/p, slowed heart rate, respiratory rate, fatigue, cold intolerance and weight
gain
- high TSH & high T4 levels
- myxedema coma
- treated with antithyroid, iodide, surgery
Type 1 diabetes
- onset is rapid
- s/s: polyuria, polyphagia (extreme hunger), polydipsia (excessive thirst), weight loss,
weakness, fatigue, DKA
Type 2 diabetes
- nonspecific
- s/s associated w type 1
- recurrent yeast infections, prolonged wound healing, vision problems
diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
NURS 516
, NURS 516
- most common in type 1 diabetes
- fat is broken down for energy. This can cause acids called ketones to build up in the
blood and collect in the urine.
- s/s: Fast, deep breathing, Dry skin and mouth, Flushed face, Fruity-smelling breath,
Headache, Muscle stiffness or aches, Being very tired, Nausea and vomiting.
diagnostics for diabetes
- FPG (fasting plasma glucose): greater than 200 mg/dL
- creatinine
- lipid panel
- urinalysis (ketones, glucose)
- HbA1c/A1C: measure evry 3 or 6 months
- blood glucose monitoring
glucose levels special considerations
prednisone, infections, and stressors can inc. glucose levels
s/s of hypoglycemia
- adverse effect of every diabetic medicine
- SNS activation; inc. HR & BP, diaphoretic (sweating), shaky, irritated, headache,
seizure, coma, tremor, weakness, slurred speech
- first action: CHECK BLOOD GLUCOSE
- give carbs ASAP
glucagon
- tx for severe hypoglycemia & beta blocker overdose
- IV line for immediate effects
- SE: GI upset
- short half life and bolus must be followed by continous infusion
insulin regular (Humulin R)
- short-acting; regular insulin
- onset: 30-60 min after taking
- peak: 1-5 hrs; most effective at 2-3 hr mark
- duration: 6-10 hours
Humulin R/Humalog nursing considerations
NURS 516
NURS 517 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2026
BMI and obesity
- BMI >30 = obese
- as BMI inc, so does risk for adverse side effects
s/s of hyperthyroidism
- HIGH everything; increase hr, bp, weight loss, irritable/nervous, diarrhea, heat
intolerance, enlarged neck (goiter), exophthalmos, irregular menses, SOB
- Grave's Disease
- thyrotoxicosis (thyroid storm)
- low TSH levels
- levothyroxine
s/s of hypothyroidism
- LOW everything = dry itchy skin, slow pulse, fluid retention and edema, sluggishness,
decreased b/p, slowed heart rate, respiratory rate, fatigue, cold intolerance and weight
gain
- high TSH & high T4 levels
- myxedema coma
- treated with antithyroid, iodide, surgery
Type 1 diabetes
- onset is rapid
- s/s: polyuria, polyphagia (extreme hunger), polydipsia (excessive thirst), weight loss,
weakness, fatigue, DKA
Type 2 diabetes
- nonspecific
- s/s associated w type 1
- recurrent yeast infections, prolonged wound healing, vision problems
diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
NURS 516
, NURS 516
- most common in type 1 diabetes
- fat is broken down for energy. This can cause acids called ketones to build up in the
blood and collect in the urine.
- s/s: Fast, deep breathing, Dry skin and mouth, Flushed face, Fruity-smelling breath,
Headache, Muscle stiffness or aches, Being very tired, Nausea and vomiting.
diagnostics for diabetes
- FPG (fasting plasma glucose): greater than 200 mg/dL
- creatinine
- lipid panel
- urinalysis (ketones, glucose)
- HbA1c/A1C: measure evry 3 or 6 months
- blood glucose monitoring
glucose levels special considerations
prednisone, infections, and stressors can inc. glucose levels
s/s of hypoglycemia
- adverse effect of every diabetic medicine
- SNS activation; inc. HR & BP, diaphoretic (sweating), shaky, irritated, headache,
seizure, coma, tremor, weakness, slurred speech
- first action: CHECK BLOOD GLUCOSE
- give carbs ASAP
glucagon
- tx for severe hypoglycemia & beta blocker overdose
- IV line for immediate effects
- SE: GI upset
- short half life and bolus must be followed by continous infusion
insulin regular (Humulin R)
- short-acting; regular insulin
- onset: 30-60 min after taking
- peak: 1-5 hrs; most effective at 2-3 hr mark
- duration: 6-10 hours
Humulin R/Humalog nursing considerations
NURS 516
