Pathophysiology Actual Week 1-4 Midterm Exam
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Type 1 Hypersensitivity
IgE mediated, mast cells, basophils, mast cell degranulation and histamine release
Sensitization
Cells release signaling molecules called pro-inflammatory mediators that promote
inflammation response in the body. Mast cells and basophils are binded and then
triggers the release of stored mediators such as macrophages and t helper cells
Mediators
histamines, leukotrines, prostaglandins, cytokines which trigger allergic reaction
Type 1 symptoms
hypotension caused by vasodilation, respiratory distressed caused by bronchial
contraction and increased mucus production
Type 1 conditions
Bee sting, asthma, eczema, allergic rhinitis, hives, food allergies
Type 2 Reaction
IgG/IgM-cellular destruction
Type 2 pathophysiology
, Cytokine hypersensitivity characterized by the immune systems assault on
modified self antigens
Modified self antigens
Occurs when antigens have undergone change either through chemical
alterations or structural alterations
Causes of type 2 reaction
the changes to the modified self antigens cause the body not to recognize them
and leads to the immune system attacking itself. This causes autoimmune
diseases
Examples of type 2 hypersensitivities
Hemolytic anemia
Graves disease/Myasthenia
Blood transfusion reaction
HIIT
Graves disease
Type 2 hypersensitivity due to the autoantibodies that overstimulate the thyroid
gland leading to hyperthyroidism
hemolytic anemia
caused by the RBCs being destroyed faster than they are created ex HIIT
Symptoms of hemolytic anemia
fatigue and weakness, jaundice, pale skin, dark urine, tachycardia, dyspnea,
splenomegaly
Type 3 Hypersensitivity
IgG/IgM immune complex mediated hypersensitivity caused by immune complex
antibodies that are binding to antigens and forming immune complexes
Antigen
a substance that triggers an immune response within the body specifically
lymphocytes